Let $K$ be a field of prime characteristic $p$, $n>4 $ an integer, $f(x)$ an irreducible polynomial over $K$ of degree $n$, whose Galois group is either the full symmetric group $S_n$ or the alternating group $A_n$. Let $l$ be an odd prime different
from $p$, $Z[zeta_l]$ the ring of integers in the $l$th cyclotomic field, $C_{f,l}:y^l=f(x)$ the corresponding superelliptic curve and $J(C_{f,l})$ its jacobian. We prove that the ring of all endomorphisms of $J(C_{f,l})$ coincides with $Z[zeta_l]$ if $J(C_{f,l})$ is an ordinary abelian variety and $(l,n) e (5,5)$.
The ring R of real-exponent polynomials in n variables over any field has global dimension n+1 and flat dimension n. In particular, the residue field k = R/m of R modulo its maximal graded ideal m has flat dimension n via a Koszul-like resolution. Pr
ojective and flat resolutions of all R-modules are constructed from this resolution of k. The same results hold when R is replaced by the monoid algebra for the positive cone of any subgroup of $mathbb{R}^n$ satisfying a mild density condition.
In this article we associate to every lattice ideal $I_{L,rho}subset K[x_1,..., x_m]$ a cone $sigma $ and a graph $G_{sigma}$ with vertices the minimal generators of the Stanley-Reisner ideal of $sigma $. To every polynomial $F$ we assign a subgraph
$G_{sigma}(F)$ of the graph $G_{sigma}$. Every expression of the radical of $I_{L,rho}$, as a radical of an ideal generated by some polynomials $F_1,..., F_s$ gives a spanning subgraph of $G_{sigma}$, the $cup_{i=1}^s G_{sigma}(F_i)$. This result provides a lower bound for the minimal number of generators of $I_{L,rho}$ and therefore improves the generalized Krulls principal ideal theorem for lattice ideals. But mainly it provides lower bounds for the binomial arithmetical rank and the $A$-homogeneous arithmetical rank of a lattice ideal. Finally we show, by a family of examples, that the bounds given are sharp.
We give three determinantal expressions for the Hilbert series as well as the Hilbert function of a Pfaffian ring, and a closed form product formula for its multiplicity. An appendix outlining some basic facts about degeneracy loci and applications t
o multiplicity formulae for Pfaffian rings is also included.