ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
We evaluate the Polyakov loop and string tension at zero and finite temperature in $QED_2.$ Using bozonization the problem is reduced to solving the Schrodinger equation with a particular potential determined by the ground state. In the presence of two sources of opposite charges the vacuum angle parameter $theta $ changes by $2pi (q/e)$, independent of the number of flavors. This, in turn, alters the chiral condensate. Particularly, in the one flavor case through a simple computer algorithm, we explore the chiral dynamics of a heavy fermion.
We use the evolution operator method to find the Schwinger pair-production rate at finite temperature in scalar and spinor QED by counting the vacuum production, the induced production and the stimulated annihilation from the initial ensemble. It is
We advance a novel method for the finite-temperature effective action for nonequilibrium quantum fields and find the QED effective action in time-dependent electric fields, where charged pairs evolve out of equilibrium. The imaginary part of the effe
We examine the possibility of a confinement-deconfinement phase transition at finite temperature in both parity invariant and topologically massive three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics. We review an argument showing that the Abelian version of t
In scalar QED we study the Schwinger pair production from an initial ensemble of charged bosons when an electric field is turned on for a finite period together with or without a constant magnetic field. The scalar QED Hamiltonian depends on time thr
Combining the thermal operator representation with the dispersion relation in QED at finite temperature and chemical potential, we determine the complete retarded photon self-energy only from its absorptive part at zero temperature. As an application