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The behaviour of the transverse momentum fluctuations with the centrality of the collision shown by the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider data is naturally explained by the clustering of color sources. In this framework, elementary color sources --strings-- overlap forming clusters, so the number of effective sources is modified. These clusters decay into particles with mean transverse momentum that depends on the number of elementary sources that conform each cluster, and the area occupied by the cluster. The transverse momentum fluctuations in this approach correspond to the fluctuations of the transverse momentum of these clusters, and they behave essentially as the number of effective sources.
In the framework of percolation of color sources, the transverse momentum distribution in heavy ion and $p+p$ collisions at all centralities and energies are shown to follow a universal behaviour. The width of the distribution depends on the fluctuat
We study the enhancement of $c bar c$ pair production that takes place in central heavy ion collisions due to the formation of clusters of strings. These clusters produce heavy flavors more efficiently due to their higher color. We discuss the compet
I review TMD factorization and evolution theorems, with an emphasis on the treatment by Collins and originating in the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism. I summarize basic results while attempting to trace their development over that past several decades.
We investigate the predictive power of transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) distributions as a function of the light-cone momentum fraction $x$ and the hard scale $Q$ defined by the process. We apply the saddle point approximation to the unpolarized q
We propose the skewness of mean transverse momentum, $langle p_t rangle$, fluctuations as a fine probe of hydrodynamic behavior in relativistic nuclear collisions. We describe how the skewness of the $langle p_t rangle$ distribution can be analyzed e