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We study the diffractive photo- and leptoproductions of $J / psi$ and $psi $ on the proton, and examine the validity of the small-size color dipole approximation to the production of radially excited heavy quarkonium. The dipole model predicts a small ratio of $psi $ to $J / psi$ photoproduction cross sections, which does not agree with experimental data. We show that this discrepancy originates from a large transverse size of $psi $ which makes the convergence of the transverse size expansion questionable, and the calculation without the dipole approximation turns out to be consistent with the data. Productions of $Upsilon (2S,3S)$ are also discussed, and the dipole approximation is found to be reasonable for the $Upsilon$-family.
We compare two approaches to evaluate cross sections of heavy-quarkonium production at next-to-leading order in nonrelativistic QCD involving $S$- and $P$-wave Fock states: the customary approach based on phase space slicing and the approach based on
We summarise the perspectives on heavy-quarkonium production at the LHC, both for proton-proton and heavy-ion runs, as emanating from the round table held at the HLPW 2008 Conference. The main topics are: present experimental and theoretical knowledg
The widely used nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization theory now encounters some notable difficulties in describing quarkonium production. This may be due to the inadequate treatment of soft hadrons emitted in the hadronization process, which cau
Heavy quarkonium production in ultraperipheral nuclear collisions is described within the QCD dipole formalism. Realistic quarkonium wave functions in the rest frame are calculated solving the Schrodinger equation with a subsequent Lorentz boost to h
We discuss factorization in heavy quarkonium production in high energy collisions using NRQCD. Infrared divergences at NNLO are not matched by conventional NRQCD matrix elements. However, we show that gauge invariance and factorization require that c