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Deep surveys of the sky at millimeter wavelengths have revealed a population of ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) at high redshifts. These appear similar to local objects of similar luminosities (such as Arp220) but are much more ``important at high redshift than at low reshift, in the sense that they represent a much larger fraction of the total luminous output of the distant Universe than they do locally. In fact the ULIRGs at high redshift are producing a significant fraction (>= 15%) of the total luminous output of the Universe averaged over all wavelengths and all epochs. The high z ULIRGs could plausibly be responsible for producing the metal-rich spheroidal components of galaxies, including the bulges that are the subject of this conference. In this case we would infer from the redshift distribution of the sources that much of this activity is probably happening relatively recently at z <= 2.
I present various simulations of an on-going large sub-mm survey, SHADES, showing how constraints can be put on galaxy formation models and cosmology from this survey.
Deep surveys in the far-infrared and sub-millimeter wavebands are revealing a new phase of galactic evolution hidden by dust. Observations with SCUBA on the JCMT show that 25% of the COBE/FIRAS background at 850 microns is being produced by high lumi
We present Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the z=2.38 lya-emitter over-density associated with galaxy cluster J2143-4423, the largest known structure (110 Mpc) above z=2. We imaged 22 of the 37 known lya-emitters within the filament-like stru
We present new near-IR and optical spectroscopic observations which confirm the redshift of the z=1.44 extremely red object ERO J164502+4626.4 (object 10 of Hu & Ridgway 1994) and a HST image which reveals a reflected-S-shaped morphology at (rest-fra