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We used HST/STIS to obtain the spectrum of molecular hydrogen associated with the damped Ly$alpha$ system at $z_{rm abs}=1.7765$ toward the quasar Q1331+170 at $z_{rm em}=2.084$. Strong ${rm H}_2$ absorption was detected, with a total ${rm H}_2$ column density of $N({rm H}_2)=(4.45pm 0.36)times 10^{19} {rm cm^{-2}}$.The molecular hydrogen fraction is $f_{{rm H}_2}=frac{2N_{rm H_2}}{N_{rm HI}+2N_{rm H_2}}=(5.6pm 0.7)%$, which is the greatest value reported so far in any redshifted damped Ly$alpha$ system. This results from the combined effect of a relatively high dust-to-gas ratio, a low gas temperature, and an extremely low ambient UV radiation field. Based on the observed population of $J$ states, we estimate the photo-absorption rate to be $R_{rm abs}=(7.6pm 2.4)times 10^{-13} {rm s^{-1}}$, corresponding to a local UV radiation field of $J(1000{rm AA})approx 2.1times 10^{-3} J_{1000{rm AA},odot}$, where $J_{1000{rm AA},odot}$ is the UV intensity at $1000 AA$ in the solar neighborhood. This is comparable with the metagalactic UV background intensity at this redshift, and implies an extremely low star formation rate in the absorbers environment. The observed CO-to-H$_2$ column density ratio is $frac{N_{rm CO}}{N_{rm H_2}}<2.5times 10^{-7}$, which is similar to the value measured for diffuse molecular clouds in the Galactic ISM. Finally, applying the inferred physical conditions to the observed C I fine structure excitation (Songaila {it et al.} 1994), we estimate the cosmic microwave background temperature to be $T_{rm CMB}=(7.2pm 0.8) {rm K}$ at $z=1.77654$, consistent with the predicted value of $7.566 {rm K}$ from the standard cosmology.
We report results from our mini-survey for molecular hydrogen in eight high redshift damped Lyman-alpha (DLA) systems using the ESO Ultra-violet and Visible Spectrograph on the VLT. In addition, we investigate two systems using ESO public data. We in
Q0151+048 is a physical QSO pair at z ~ 1.929 with a separation of 3.3 arcsec on the sky. In the spectrum of Q0151+048A (qA), a DLA is observed at a higher redshift. We have previously detected the host galaxies of both QSOs, as well as a Lya blob. W
The number of damped Ly-alpha absorbers (DLAs) currently known is about 100, but our knowledge of their sizes and morphologies is still very sparse as very few have been detected in emission. Here we present narrow-band and broad-band observations of
[Abridged] We test the reliability of a method to measure the mean halo mass of Damped Ly-alpha absorbers (DLAs). The method is based on measuring the ratio of the cross-correlation between DLAs and galaxies to the auto-correlation of the galaxies th
Nitrogen is thought to have both primary and secondary origins depending on whether the seed carbon and oxygen are produced by the star itself (primary) or already present in the interstellar medium (secondary) from which star forms. DLA and sub-DLA