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تسجيل مستخدم جديدAn XMM-Newton observation of the massive, relaxed galaxy cluster ClJ1226.9+3332 at z=0.89
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B. J. Maughan
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A detailed X-ray analysis of an XMM-Newton observation of the high-redshift (z=0.89) galaxy cluster ClJ1226.9+3332 is presented. The X-ray temperature is found to be 11.5{+1.1}{-0.9}keV, the highest X-ray temperature of any cluster at z>0.6. In contrast to MS1054-0321, the only other very hot cluster currently known at z>0.8, ClJ1226.9+3332 features a relaxed X-ray morphology, and its high overall gas temperature is not caused by one or several hot spots. The system thus constitutes a unique example of a high redshift, high temperature, relaxed cluster, for which the usual hydrostatic equilibrium assumption, and the X-ray mass is most reliable. A temperature profile is constructed (for the first time at this redshift) and is consistent with the cluster being isothermal out to 45% of the virial radius. Within the virial radius (corresponding to a measured overdensity of a factor of 200), a total mass of (1.4+/-0.5)*10^15 M_solar is derived, with a gas mass fraction of 12+/-5%. The bolometric X-ray luminosity is (5.3+/-0.2)*10^45 erg/s. The probabilities of finding a cluster of this mass within the volume of the discovery X-ray survey are 8*10^{-5} for Omega_M=1 and 0.64 for Omega_M=0.3, making Omega_M=1 highly unlikely. The entropy profile suggests that entropy evolution is being observed. The metal abundance (of Z=0.33{+0.14}{-0.10} Z_solar), gas mass fraction, and gas distribution are consistent with those of local clusters; thus the bulk of the metals were in place by z=0.89.
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Deep XMM and Chandra observations of ClJ1226.9+3332 at z=0.89 have enabled the most detailed X-ray mass analysis of any such high-redshift galaxy cluster. The XMM temperature profile of the system shows no sign of central cooling, with a hot core and
a radially declining profile. A temperature map shows asymmetry with a hot region that appears to be associated with a subclump of galaxies at the cluster redshift, but is not visible in the X-ray surface brightness. This is likely to be result of a merger event in the cluster, but does not appear to significantly affect the overall temperature profile. The XMM temperature profile, and combined Chandra and XMM emissivity profile allowed precise measurements of the global properties of ClJ1226.9+3332; we find kT=10.4+/-0.6keV, Z=0.16+/-0.05Zsol, and M=5.2^{+1.0}_{-0.8}x10^{14}Msol. We obtain profiles of the metallicity, entropy, cooling time and gas fraction, and find a high concentration parameter for the total density profile of the system. The global properties are compared with the local LT and MT relations, and we are able to make the first observational test of the predicted evolution of the YM relation. We find that departures from these scaling relations are most likely caused by an underestimate of the total mass by ~30% in the X-ray hydrostatic mass analysis due to the apparent recent or ongoing merger activity.
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