ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
It is widely believed that multiwavelength afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from relativistic blast waves. We here show that in such blast waves, a significant fraction of the energy of shock-accelerated protons would be lost due to pion production by interactions with afterglow photons. This could lead to long-term production of $10^{16}$--$10^{18}$ eV neutrinos and sub-TeV $gamma$-rays that accompany with usual afterglows, provided that the protons are accelerated to $10^{19}$ eV in the blast waves.
I will review the constraints set by X-ray measurements of afterglows on several issues of GRB, with particular regard to the fireball model, the environment, the progenitor and dark GRB.
Recent analytical and numerical work argue that successful relativistic Fermi acceleration requires a weak magnetization of the unshocked plasma, all the more so at high Lorentz factors. The present paper tests this conclusion by computing the afterg
We investigate the effect of X-ray echo emission in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We find that the echo emission can provide an alternative way of understanding X-ray shallow decays and jet breaks. In particular, a shallow decay followed by a normal decay
We consider whether the variability properties of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) that produce bright optical and longer wavelength transient afterglows (A-GRBs) are the same as a larger, inclusive sample of bright, long-duration GRBs, selected only by their
The origin of the X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts has regularly been debated. We fit both the fireball-shock and millisecond-magnetar models of gamma-ray bursts to the X-ray data of GRB 130603B and 140903A. We use Bayesian model selection to ans