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تسجيل مستخدم جديدDust depletion and abundance pattern in damped Lyman-alpha systems: a sample of Mn and Ti abundances at z<2.2
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We analyse a sample of 24 damped Lyman-alpha (DLA)/moderate DLA systems at 0.3<z<2.2, all with measurement of the weak MnII absorption lines, to investigate which elemental ratios could possibly be used as tracers of either dust depletion or nucleosynthesis effects. We applied a component-by-component analysis and show that the standard method which uses column densities integrated over the whole absorption profiles could substantially underestimate the abundance of rare elements relative to Fe. The apparent correlation we found between [Mn/Fe] and [Zn/Fe] cannot be accounted for by any dust depletion sequence: it implies either variations of the intrinsic Mn abundance relative to Fe from -0.3 to +0.1 dex and/or a relation between depletion level and metallicity. The correlation between [Mn/Fe] and metallicity strengthens the assumption of intrinsic variations of [Mn/Fe] although some marginal correlation between [Zn or Si/Fe] and [Zn/H] is present as well. The variations of [Ti/Fe] vs. [Zn/Fe] cannot be fitted by a single dust depletion sequence either. At high metallicity, [Fe/H]dc>~-0.5, the intrinsic (dust-corrected) abundance pattern of Si, Ti, Cr and Mn in DLA absorbers closely follows the trends observed in Galactic stars and these absorbers should thus have a chemical evolution similar to that of our Galaxy. At lower metallicity, some absorbers do follow the trends present in Galactic stars but a substantial fraction of them have elemental ratios (in particular [Si/Fe]dc and [Mn/Fe]dc) closer to the solar values than Galactic stars. This could be explained by a larger contribution of type Ia supernovae to the chemical enrichment of these DLA absorbers than in Galactic stars of similar metallicity. This metal-poor DLA absorber population could trace HI-rich dwarf galaxies. (Abridged)
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S] and [Si/S] in the components indicates that the abundance pattern is indeed due to dust-depletion. In particular, we find evidence for depletion similar to what is observed in cold gas of the Galactic disk ([Fe/Zn]=-1.59, Fe/S=-1.74, Zn/S=-0.15, [Si/S]=-0.85) in one of the weakest components in which molecular hydrogen is detected with logN(H2)=16.5. This is the first time such a large depletion is seen in a DLA system. This observation supports the possibility that current samples of DLA systems might be biased against the presence of cold and dusty gas along the line of sight. The overall metallicities of this peculiar DLA system in which OI and CII are spread over 1050 km/s are [P/H]=-0.64, [Zn/H]=-0.74 and [S/H]=-0.82 relative to solar. The sub-DLA system at z=1.96753 has [P/H]>0.06, [Zn/H]>-0.02 and [S/H]>-0.18. The overall molecular fraction is in the range -2.7<logf<-0.6. CO is not detected (logN(CO)/N(HI)<-8) and HD could be present at z=1.97380. We show that the presence of H2 is closely related to the physical conditions of the gas: high particle density together with low temperature. The observed excitation of high J H2 levels and the molecular fraction show large variations from one component to the other suggesting that the UV radiation field is highly inhomogeneous throughout the system. Gas pressure, estimated from CI absorptions, is larger than what is observed in the ISM of our Galaxy. All this is probably a consequence of intense star-formation activity in the vicinity of the absorbing gas. (Abridged)
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The similarity between observed velocity structures of Al III and singly ionised species in damped Lyman-alpha systems (DLAs) suggests the presence of ionised gas in the regions where most metal absorption lines are formed. To explore the possible
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