اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدChandra observations of NGC 253. II: On the origin of diffuse X-ray emission in the halos of starburst galaxies
72
0
0.0
(
0
)
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
We present a detailed case study of the diffuse X-ray and H-alpha emission in the halo of NGC 253, a nearby edge-on starburst galaxy driving a galactic superwind. The arcsecond spatial resolution of the Chandra ACIS instrument allows us to study the spatial and spectral properties of the diffuse X-ray emitting plasma with greatly superior spatial and spectral resolution compared to previous X-ray instruments. We find statistically significant structure within the X-ray diffuse emission on angular scales down to ~10 arcsec (~130 pc). There is no statistically significant evidence for any spatial variation in the spectral properties of the diffuse emission, over scales from ~400 pc to ~3 kpc. We show that the X-shaped soft X-ray morphology of the superwind, previously revealed by ROSAT, is matched by very similar X-shaped H-alpha emission, extending at least 8 kpc above the plane of the galaxy. In the northern halo the X-ray emission appears to lie slightly interior to the boundary marked by the H-alpha emission. The total 0.3-2.0 keV energy band X-ray luminosity of the northern halo, L_X ~ 5e38 erg/s, is very similar to the halo H-alpha luminosity of L_Ha ~ 4e38 erg/s, both of which are a small fraction of the estimated wind energy injection rate of ~1e42 erg/s from supernovae in the starburst. We show that there are a variety of models that can simultaneously explain spatially-correlated X-ray and H-alpha emission in the halos of starburst galaxies. These findings indicate that the physical origin of the X-ray-emitting million-degree plasma in superwinds is closely linked to the presence of much cooler and denser T ~ 1e4 K gas, not only within the central kpc regions of starbursts, but also on ~10 kpc-scales within the halos of these galaxies. (Abridged)
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
Aims: We present a study of the diffuse X-ray emission in the halo and the disc of the starburst galaxy NGC 253. Methods: After removing point-like sources, we analysed XMM-Newton images, hardness ratio maps and spectra from several regions in the ha
lo and the disc. We introduce a method to produce vignetting corrected images from the EPIC pn data, and we developed a procedure that allows a correct background treatment for low surface brightness spectra, using a local background, together with closed filter observations. Results: Most of the emission from the halo is at energies below 1 keV. In the disc, also emission at higher energies is present. The extent of the diffuse emission along the major axis of the disc is 13.6 kpc. The halo resembles a horn structure and reaches out to ~9 kpc perpendicular to the disc. Disc regions that cover star forming regions, like spiral arms, show harder spectra than regions with lower star forming activity. Models for spectral fits of the disc regions need at least three components: two thermal plasmas with solar abundances plus a power law and galactic foreground absorption. Temperatures are between 0.1 and 0.3 keV and between 0.3 and 0.9 keV for the soft and the hard component, respectively. The power law component may indicate an unresolved contribution from X-ray binaries in the disc. The halo emission is not uniform, neither spatially nor spectrally. The southeastern halo is softer than the northwestern halo. To model the spectra in the halo, we needed two thermal plasmas with solar abundances plus galactic foreground absorption. Temperatures are around 0.1 and 0.3 keV. A comparison between X-ray and UV emission shows that both originate from the same regions.
The CANGAROO-II telescope observed sub-TeV gamma-ray emission from the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253. The emission region was extended with a radial size of 0.3-0.6 degree. On the contrary, H.E.S.S could not confirm this emission and gave upper lim
its at the level of the CANGAROO-II flux. In order to resolve this discrepancy, we analyzed new observational results for NGC 253 by CANGAROO-III and also assessed the results by CANGAROO-II. Observation was made with three telescopes of the CANGAROO-III in October 2004. We analyzed three-fold coincidence data by the robust Fisher Discriminant method to discriminate gamma ray events from hadron events. The result by the CANGAROO-III was negative. The upper limit of gamma ray flux was 5.8% Crab at 0.58 TeV for point-source assumption. In addition, the significance of the excess flux of gamma-rays by the CANGAROO-II was lowered to less than 4 sigma after assessing treatment of malfunction of photomultiplier tubes.
Spatial and spectral analysis of deep ROSAT HRI and PSPC observations of the near edge-on starburst galaxy NGC 253 reveal diffuse soft X-ray emission, which contributes 80% to its total X-ray luminosity (L$_{rm X} = 5 10^{39}$ ergsec, corrected for f
oreground absorption). The nuclear area, disk, and halo contribution to the luminosity is about equal. The starburst nucleus itself is highly absorbed and not visible in the ROSAT band. We describe in detail spectra and morphology of the emission from the nuclear area, disk and halo and compare our results to observations at other wavelengths and from other galaxies. (abridged)
Prior to the launch of NuSTAR, it was not feasible to spatially resolve the hard (E > 10 keV) emission from galaxies beyond the Local Group. The combined NuSTAR dataset, comprised of three ~165 ks observations, allows spatial characterization of the
hard X-ray emission in the galaxy NGC 253 for the first time. As a follow up to our initial study of its nuclear region, we present the first results concerning the full galaxy from simultaneous NuSTAR, Chandra, and VLBA monitoring of the local starburst galaxy NGC 253. Above ~10 keV, nearly all the emission is concentrated within 100 of the galactic center, produced almost exclusively by three nuclear sources, an off-nuclear ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX), and a pulsar candidate that we identify for the first time in these observations. We detect 21 distinct sources in energy bands up to 25 keV, mostly consisting of intermediate state black hole X-ray binaries. The global X-ray emission of the galaxy - dominated by the off-nuclear ULX and nuclear sources, which are also likely ULXs - falls steeply (photon index >~ 3) above 10 keV, consistent with other NuSTAR-observed ULXs, and no significant excess above the background is detected at E > 40 keV. We report upper limits on diffuse inverse Compton emission for a range of spatial models. For the most extended morphologies considered, these hard X-ray constraints disfavor a dominant inverse Compton component to explain the {gamma}-ray emission detected with Fermi and H.E.S.S. If NGC 253 is typical of starburst galaxies at higher redshift, their contribution to the E > 10 keV cosmic X-ray background is < 1%.
We report the detection of high-energy gamma-ray emission from two starburst galaxies using data obtained with the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Steady point-like emission above 200 MeV has been detected at signif
icance levels of 6.8 sigma and 4.8 sigma respectively, from sources positionally coincident with locations of the starburst galaxies M82 and NGC 253. The total fluxes of the sources are consistent with gamma-ray emission originating from the interaction of cosmic rays with local interstellar gas and radiation fields and constitute evidence for a link between massive star formation and gamma-ray emission in star-forming galaxies.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
