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In the $U(1)_X$ extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model, we study a two step phase transition for the universe. The first step happens at high temperature from origin to z coordinate axis. The second step is the electroweak phase transition(EWPT) with barrier between two minima, which is the first order EWPT. We study the condition for this type phase transition to occur. The strong first order EWPT is our expection, and with the supposed parameters the evolution of the universe is plotted by the figures.
The MSSM is extended to the $U(1)_X$SSM, whose local gauge group is $SU(3)_C times SU(2)_L times U(1)_Y times U(1)_X$. To obtain the $U(1)_X$SSM, we add the new superfields to the MSSM, namely: three Higgs singlets $hat{eta},~hat{bar{eta}},~hat{S}$ a
We analyze the electroweak phase transition at finite temperature in a model of gauge-Higgs unification where the fermion mass hierarchy including top quark mass, a viable electroweak symmetry breaking and an observed Higgs mass are successfully repr
The new experiment data of muon g-2 is consistent with the previous data of Fermion lab, and the departure from SM prediction is about 4.2 $sigma$. It strengthens our faith in the new physics. $U(1)_X$SSM is the U(1) extension of the minimal supersym
The possibility of a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition is established in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with an extra $U(1)$, where a nontrivial CP violating phase is introduced in its Higgs sector. We find that there is a
So far the most sophisticated experiments have shown no trace of new physics at the TeV scale. Consequently, new models with unexplored parameter regions are necessary to explain current results, re-examine the existing data, and propose new experime