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Sudden changes in the internal structure of stars, placed at the interface between convective and radiative regions, regions of partial ionisation, or between layers that have acquired different chemical composition as a result of nuclear burning, often produce specific signatures in the stars oscillation spectra. Through the study of these signatures one may gain information on the physical processes that shape the regions that produce them, including diffusion and chemical mixing beyond the convectively unstable regions, as well as information about the helium content of stars. In this talk, I will review important theoretical and observational efforts conducted over the years towards this goal. I will emphasise the potential offered by the study of acoustic, gravity, and mixed modes observed in stars of different mass and evolutionary stages, at a time when space-based data is allowing us to build on the knowledge gained from the study of the sun and white dwarfs, where these efforts have long been undertaken, extending the methods developed to stars across the HR diagramme.
Aims: We develop a method that provides a comprehensive analysis of the oscillation spectra of solar-like pulsators. We define new seismic indicators that should be as uncorrelated and as precise as possible and should hold detailed information about
We conduct a series of comparisons between spectroscopic and photometric observations of globular clusters and stellar models to examine their predictive power. Data from medium-to-high resolution spectroscopic surveys of lithium allow us to investig
X-Ray and Ultraviolet (UV) observations of the outer solar atmosphere have been used for many decades to measure the fundamental parameters of the solar plasma. This review focuses on the optically thin emission from the solar atmosphere, mostly foun
For the very best and brightest asteroseismic solar-type targets observed by Kepler, the frequency precision is sufficient to determine the acoustic depths of the surface convective layer and the helium ionization zone. Such sharp features inside the
Magnetic fields on the surface of the Sun and stars in general imprint or modify the polarization state of the electromagnetic radiation that is leaving from the star. The inference of solar/stellar magnetic fields is performed by detecting, studying