ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Low-lying coastal cities across the world are vulnerable to the combined impact of rainfall and storm tide. However, existing approaches lack the ability to model the combined effect of these flood mechanisms. Thus, to increase flood resilience, modeling techniques to improve understanding and prediction of the combined effect of these flood hazards are critical. To address this need, this study presents a modeling system for assessing the combined flood risk to coastal cities under changing climate conditions that leverages ocean modeling with land surface modeling capable of resolving urban drainage infrastructure within the city. The modeling approach is demonstrated in quantifying the future impact on transportation infrastructure within Norfolk, Virginia USA. A series of combined storms events are modeled for current (2020) and projected future (2070) climate conditions. Results show that pluvial flooding causes a larger interruption to the transportation network compared to tidal flooding under current climate conditions. By 2070, however, tidal flooding will be the dominant flooding mechanism with even nuisance flooding expected to happen daily due to SLR. In 2070, nuisance flooding is expected to cause a 4.6% total link close time (TLC), which is more than two times that of a 50-year storm surge (1.8% TLC) in 2020. The coupled model was compared with a widely used but physically simplistic bathtub method to assess the difference resulting from the more complex modeling presented. Results show that the bathtub method overestimated the flooded area near the shoreline by 9.5% and 3.1% for a 10-year storm surge event in 2020 and 2070, respectively, but underestimated flooded area in the inland region by 9.0% and 4.0% for the same events. The findings demonstrate the benefit of sophisticated modeling methods in climate adaptive planning and policy in coastal communities.
This study investigates the trend in Rainfall Onset Dates (ROD), Rainfall Cessation Dates (RCD), Length of Growing Seasons (LGS) and Rainfall Amount at Onset of Rainfall (RAO) using linear regression, Mann-Kendall, Sen Slope and Hurst Exponent for fo
A high-resolution wave climate projection for the northwestern Atlantic Ocean has been conducted to help assess possible regional impacts due to global climate change. The spectral wave model NOAA WAVEWATCH III is utilized with three coupled (two-way
The novel Coronavirus COVID-19 spreading rapidly throughout the world was recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. One month into the COVID-19 pandemic, this white paper looks at the initial impacts COVID-19
The end-Permian mass extinction is the most severe known from the fossil record. The most likely cause is massive volcanic activity associated with the formation of the Permo-Triassic Siberian flood basalts. A proposed mechanism for extinction due to
Drought poses a significant threat to the delicate economies in subsaharan Africa. This study investigates the influence of large scale ocean oscillation on drought in West Africa. Standardized Precipitation Index for the region was computed using mo