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تسجيل مستخدم جديدThe photon content of the proton in the CT18 global analysis
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Recently, two photon PDF sets based on implementations of the LUX ansatz into the CT18 global analysis were released. In CT18lux, the photon PDF is calculated directly using the LUX master formula for all scales, $mu$. In an alternative realization, CT18qed, the photon PDF is initialized at the starting scale, $mu_0$, using the LUX formulation and evolved to higher scales $mu(>mu_0)$ with a combined QED+QCD kernel at $mathcal{O}(alpha),~mathcal{O}(alphaalpha_s)$ and $mathcal{O}(alpha^2)$. In the small-$x$ region, the photon PDF uncertainty is mainly induced by the quark and gluon PDFs, through the perturbative DIS structure functions. In comparison, the large-$x$ photon uncertainty comes from various low-energy, nonperturbative contributions, including variations of the inelastic structure functions in the resonance and continuum regions, higher-twist and target-mass corrections, and elastic electromagnetic form factors of the proton. We take the production of doubly-charged Higgs pairs, $(H^{++}H^{--})$, as an example of scenarios beyond the Standard Model to illustrate the phenomenological implications of these photon PDFs at the LHC.
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Building upon the most recent CT18 global fit, we present a new calculation of the photon content of the proton based on an application of the LUX formalism. In this work, we explore two principal variations of the LUX ansatz. In one approach, which
we designate CT18lux, the photon PDF is calculated directly using the LUX formula for all scales, $mu$. In an alternative realization, CT18qed, we instead initialize the photon PDF in terms of the LUX formulation at a lower scale, $mu! sim! mu_0$, and evolve to higher scales with a combined QED+QCD kernel at $mathcal{O}(alpha),~mathcal{O}(alphaalpha_s)$ and $mathcal{O}(alpha^2)$. While we find these two approaches generally agree, especially at intermediate $x$ ($10^{-3}lesssim xlesssim0.3$), we discuss some moderate discrepancies that can occur toward the end-point regions at very high or low $x$. We also study effects that follow from variations of the inputs to the LUX calculation originating outside the pure deeply-inelastic scattering (DIS) region, including from elastic form factors and other contributions to the photon PDF. Finally, we investigate the phenomenological implications of these photon PDFs for the LHC, including high-mass Drell-Yan, vector-boson pair, top-quark pair, and Higgs associated with vector-boson production.
The photon PDF of the proton is needed for precision comparisons of LHC cross sections with theoretical predictions. In a recent paper, we showed how the photon PDF could be determined in terms of the electromagnetic proton structure functions $F_2$
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