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Given a two-variable function f without critical points and a compact region R bounded by two level curves of f, this note proves that the integral over R of fs second-order directional derivative in the tangential directions of the interceding level curves is proportional to the rise in f-value over R. Also discussed are variations on this result when critical points are present or R becomes unbounded.
We investigate and derive second solutions to linear homogeneous second-order difference equations using a variety of methods, in each case going beyond the purely formal solution and giving explicit expressions for the second solution. We present a
We consider the second variational derivative of a given gauge-natural invariant Lagrangian taken with respect to (prolongations of) vertical parts of gauge-natural lifts of infinitesimal principal automorphisms. By requiring such a second variationa
In this work, new finite difference schemes are presented for dealing with the upper-convected time derivative in the context of the generalized Lie derivative. The upper-convected time derivative, which is usually encountered in the constitutive equ
We shall give bounds on the spacing of zeros of certain functions belonging to the Laguerre-Polya class and satisfying a second order differential equation. As a corollary we establish new sharp inequalities on the extreme zeros of the Hermite, Lague
The q-Hermite I-Sobolev type polynomials of higher order are consider for their study. Their hypergeometric representation is provided together with further useful properties such as several structure relations which give rise to a three-term recurre