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High-resolution imaging of protoplanetary disks has unveiled a rich diversity of spiral structure, some of which may arise from disk-planet interaction. Using 3D hydrodynamics with $beta$-cooling to a vertically-stratified background, as well as radiative-transfer modeling, we investigate the temperature rise in planet-driven spirals. In rapidly cooling disks, the temperature rise is dominated by a contribution from stellar irradiation, 0.3-3% inside the planet radius but always <0.5% outside. When cooling time equals or exceeds dynamical time, however, this is overwhelmed by hydrodynamic PdV work, which introduces a 10-20% perturbation within a factor of 2 from the planets orbital radius. We devise an empirical fit of the spiral amplitude $Delta (T)$ to take into account both effects. Where cooling is slow, we find also that temperature perturbations from buoyancy spirals -- a strictly 3D, non-isothermal phenomenon -- become nearly as strong as those from Lindblad spirals, which are amenable to 2D and isothermal studies. Our findings may help explain observed thermal features in disks like TW Hydrae and CQ Tauri, and underscore that 3D effects have a qualitatively important effect on disk structure.
Protoplanets can produce structures in protoplanetary disks via gravitational disk-planet interactions. Once detected, such structures serve as signposts of planet formation. Here we investigate the kinematic signatures in disks produced by multi-Jup
Recent observations of protoplanetary disks, as well as simulations of planet-disk interaction, have suggested that a single planet may excite multiple spiral arms in the disk, in contrast to the previous expectations based on linear theory (predicti
Spiral arms have been observed in nearly a dozen protoplanetary discs in near-infrared scattered light and recently also in the sub-millimetre continuum. While one of the most compelling explanations is that they are driven by planetary or stellar co
Tidal encounters in star clusters perturb discs around young protostars. In Cuello et al. (2019a, Paper I) we detailed the dynamical signatures of a stellar flyby in both gas and dust. Flybys produce warped discs, spirals with evolving pitch angles,
One of the striking discoveries of protoplanetary disc research in recent years are the spiral arms seen in several transitional discs in polarised scattered light. An interesting interpretation of the observed spiral features is that they are densit