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By probing the population of binary black hole (BBH) mergers detected by LIGO-Virgo, we can infer properties about the underlying black hole formation channels. A mechanism known as pair-instability (PI) supernova is expected to prevent the formation of black holes from stellar collapse with mass greater than $sim 40-65,M_odot$ and less than $sim 120,M_odot$. Any BBH merger detected by LIGO-Virgo with a component black hole in this gap, known as the PI mass gap, likely originated from an alternative formation channel. Here, we firmly establish GW190521 as an outlier to the stellar-mass BBH population if the PI mass gap begins at or below $65, M_{odot}$. In addition, for a PI lower boundary of $40-50, M_{odot}$, we find it unlikely that the remaining distribution of detected BBH events, excluding GW190521, is consistent with the stellar-mass population.
We investigate the potential of ground-based gravitational-wave detectors to probe the mass function of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) wherein we also include BHs in the upper mass gap $sim 60-130~M_odot$. Using the noise spectral density of t
Stellar evolution theory predicts a gap in the black hole birth function caused by the pair instability. Presupernova stars that have a core mass below some limiting value, Mlo, after all pulsational activity is finished, collapse to black holes, whe
The primary and secondary masses of the binary black holes (BBH) reported by LIGO/Virgo are correlated with a narrow dispersion that appears to increase in proportion to mass. The mean binary mass ratio $1.45pm0.07$ we show is consistent with pairs d
Gravitational waves enable tests of general relativity in the highly dynamical and strong-field regime. Using events detected by LIGO-Virgo up to 1 October 2019, we evaluate the consistency of the data with predictions from the theory. We first estab
Binary black holes on quasicircular orbits with spins aligned with their orbital angular momentum have been testbeds for analytic and numerical relativity for decades, not least because symmetry ensures that such configurations are equilibrium soluti