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Cancer therapy using protons and heavier ions such as carbon has demonstrated advantages over other radiotherapy treatments. To bring about the next generation of clinical facilities, the requirements are likely to reduce the footprint, obtain beam intensities above 1E10 particles per spill, and achieve faster extraction for more rapid, flexible treatment. This review follows the technical development of ion therapy, discussing how machine parameters have evolved, as well as trends emerging in technologies for novel treatments such as FLASH. To conclude, the future prospects of ion therapy accelerators are evaluated.
Charged particle therapy, or so-called hadrontherapy, is developing very rapidly. There is large pressure on the scientific community to deliver dedicated accelerators, providing the best possible treatment modalities at the lowest cost. In this cont
We report on the development of a radio frequency (RF) linear accelerator (linac) for multiple-ion beams that is made from stacks of low cost wafers. The accelerator lattice is comprised of RF-acceleration gaps and electrostatic quadrupole focusing e
This paper reports on the conclusions of a 2013 Joint DOE/NCI Workshop, and translates clinical accelerator facility requirements into accelerator and beam-delivery technical specifications. Available or feasible accelerator technologies are compared
Scaling-up from prototype systems to dense arrays of ions on chip, or vast networks of ions connected by photonic channels, will require developing entirely new technologies that combine miniaturized ion trapping systems with devices to capture, tran
A future plasma based linear collider has the potential to reach unprecedented energies and transform our understanding of high energy physics. The extremely dense beams in such a device would cause the plasma ions to fall toward the axis. For more m