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After observing the outcome of a Blackwell experiment, a Bayesian decisionmaker can form (a) posterior beliefs over the state, as well as (b) posterior beliefs she would observe any given signal (assuming an independent draw from the same experiment). I call the latter her contingent hypothetical beliefs. I show geometrically how contingent hypothetical beliefs relate to information structures. Specifically, the information structure can (generically) be derived by regressing contingent hypothetical beliefs on posterior beliefs over the state. Her prior is the unit eigenvector of a matrix determined from her posterior beliefs over the state and her contingent hypothetical beliefs. Thus, all aspects of a decisionmakers information acquisition problem can be determined using ex-post data (i.e., beliefs after having received signals). I compare my results to similar ones obtained in cases where information is modeled deterministically; the focus on single-agent stochastic information distinguishes my work.
We examine the long-term behavior of a Bayesian agent who has a misspecified belief about the time lag between actions and feedback, and learns about the payoff consequences of his actions over time. Misspecified beliefs about time lags result in att
Cheng(2021) proposes and characterizes Relative Maximum Likelihood (RML) updating rule when the ambiguous beliefs are represented by a set of priors. Relatedly, this note proposes and characterizes Extended RML updating rule when the ambiguous belief
We consider the problem of a decision-maker searching for information on multiple alternatives when information is learned on all alternatives simultaneously. The decision-maker has a running cost of searching for information, and has to decide when
How to guarantee that firms perform due diligence before launching potentially dangerous products? We study the design of liability rules when (i) limited liability prevents firms from internalizing the full damage they may cause, (ii) penalties are
We study the payoffs that can arise under some information structure from an interim perspective. There is a set of types distributed according to some prior distribution and a payoff function that assigns a value to each pair of a type and a belief