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Quantum technologies offer the prospect to efficiently simulate sign-problem afflicted regimes in lattice field theory, such as the presence of topological terms, chemical potentials, and out-of-equilibrium dynamics. In this work, we derive the 3+1D topological $theta$-term for Abelian and non-Abelian lattice gauge theories in the Hamiltonian formulation, paving the way towards Hamiltonian-based simulations of such terms on quantum and classical computers. We further study numerically the zero-temperature phase structure of a 3+1D U(1) lattice gauge theory with the $theta$-term via exact diagonalization for a single periodic cube. In the strong coupling regime, our results suggest the occurrence of a phase transition at constant values of $theta$, as indicated by an avoided level-crossing and abrupt changes in the plaquette expectation value, the electric energy density, and the topological charge density. These results could in principle be cross-checked by the recently developed 3+1D tensor network methods and quantum simulations, once sufficient resources become available.
We review results concerning the theta dependence of 4D SU(N) gauge theories and QCD, where theta is the coefficient of the CP-violating topological term in the Lagrangian. In particular, we discuss theta dependence in the large-N limit. Most resul
We present a general formulation of chiral gauge theories, which admits Dirac operators with more general spectra, reveals considerably more possibilities for the structure of the chiral projections, and nevertheless allows appropriate realizations.
With advances in quantum computing, new opportunities arise to tackle challenging calculations in quantum field theory. We show that trotterized time-evolution operators can be related by analytic continuation to the Euclidean transfer matrix on an a
In the future, ab initio quantum simulations of heavy ion collisions may become possible with large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers. We propose a quantum algorithm for studying these collisions by looking at a class of observables requiring dr
We discuss a new strategy for treating the complex action problem of lattice field theories with a $theta$-term based on density of states (DoS) methods. The key ingredient is to use open boundary conditions where the topological charge is not quanti