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تسجيل مستخدم جديدElectroweak and Left-Right Phase Transitions in $SO(5) times U(1) times SU(3)$ Gauge-Higgs Unification
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The electroweak phase transition in GUT inspired $SO(5) times U(1) times SU(3)$ gauge-Higgs unification is shown to be of weakly first-order and occurs at $T = T_c^{ rm EW} sim 163 ,$GeV, which is very similar to the behavior in the standard model in perturbation theory. There appears a new phase at higher temperature. $SU(2)_L times U(1)_Y$ ($ theta_H=0$) and $SU(2)_R times U(1)_{Y}$ ($ theta_H= pi$) phases become almost degenerate above $T sim m_{rm KK}$ where $m_{rm KK}$ is the Kaluza-Klein mass scale typically around 13TeV and $theta_H$ is the Aharonov-Bohm phase along the fifth dimension. The two phases become degenerate at $T = T_c^{rm LR} sim m_{rm KK}$. As the temperature drops in the evolution of the early universe the $SU(2)_R times U(1)_{Y}$ phase becomes unstable. The tunneling rate from the $SU(2)_R times U(1)_{Y}$ phase to the $SU(2)_L times U(1)_Y$ phase becomes sizable and a first-order phase transition takes place at $T=2.5 sim 2.6,$TeV. It is shown that the $W$ boson, $Z$ boson and photon, with $theta_H$ varying from 0 to $pi$, are transformed to gauge bosons in the $SU(2)_R times U(1)_{Y}$ phase. Gauge couplings and wave functions of quarks, leptons and dark fermions in the $SU(2)_R times U(1)_{Y}$ phase are determined.
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$SO(5) times U(1) times SU(3)$ gauge-Higgs unification model inspired by $SO(11)$ gauge-Higgs grand unification is constructed in the Randall-Sundrum warped space. The 4D Higgs boson is identified with the Aharonov-Bohm phase in the fifth dimension.
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The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) mixing matrix and flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNCs) in the quark sector are examined in the GUT inspired $SO(5) times U(1) times SU(3)$ gauge-Higgs unification in which the 4D Higgs boson is identified with
the Aharonov-Bohm phase in the fifth dimension. Gauge invariant brane interactions play an important role for the flavor mixing in the charged-current weak interactions. The CKM matrix is reproduced except that the up quark mass needs to be larger than the observed one. FCNCs are naturally suppressed as a consequence of the gauge invariance, with a factor of order $10^{-6}$. It is also shown that induced flavor-changing Yukawa couplings are extremely small.
In the $SO(5) times U(1)$ gauge-Higgs unification the lightest, neutral component of $n_F$ $SO(5)$-spinor fermions (dark fermions), which are relevant for having the observed unstable Higgs boson, becomes the dark matter of the universe. We show that
the relic abundance of the dark matter determined by WMAP and Planck data is reproduced, below the bound placed by the direct detection experiment by LUX, by a model with one light and three heavier ($n_F=4$) dark fermions with the lightest one of a mass from 2.3$,$TeV to 3.1$,$TeV. The corresponding Aharonov-Bohm phase $theta_H$ in the fifth dimension ranges from 0.097 to 0.074. The case of $n_F=3$ ($n_F = 5, 6$) dark fermions yields the relic abundance smaller (larger) than the observed limit.
Signatures of the $SO(5)times U(1)$ gauge-Higgs unification at LHC and future colliders are explored. The Kaluza-Klein (KK) mass spectra of $gamma, Z, Z_R$ and the Higgs self-couplings obey universality relations with the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phase $th
eta_H$ in the fifth dimension. The current data at low energies and at LHC indicate $theta_H <0.2$. Couplings of quarks and leptons to KK gauge bosons are determined. Three neutral gauge bosons, the first KK modes $Z_R^{(1)}$, $Z^{(1)}$, and $gamma^{(1)}$, appear as $Z$ bosons in dilepton events at LHC. For $theta_H = 0.114$, the mass and decay width of $Z_R^{(1)}$, $Z^{(1)}$, and $gamma^{(1)}$ are (5.73TeV, 482GeV), (6.07TeV, 342GeV), and (6.08TeV, 886GeV), respectively. For $theta_H = 0.073$ their masses are 8.00TeV$sim$8.61TeV. An excess of events in the dilepton invariant mass should be observed in the $Z$ search at the upgraded LHC at 14TeV.
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