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This review summarizes the research of Mercurys magnetosphere in the Post-MESSENGER era and compares its dynamics to those in other planetary magnetospheres, especially to those in Earths magnetosphere. This review starts by introducing the planet Mercury, including its interplanetary environment, magnetosphere, exosphere, and conducting core. The frequent and intense magnetic reconnection on the dayside magnetopause, which is represented by the flux transfer event shower, is reviewed on how they depend on magnetosheath plasma beta and magnetic shear angle across the magnetopause, following by how they contribute to the flux circulation and magnetosphere-surface-exosphere coupling. In the next, the progress of Mercurys magnetosphere under extreme solar events, including the core induction and the reconnection erosion on the dayside magnetosphere, the responses of the nightside magnetosphere, are reviewed. Then, the dawn-dusk properties of the plasma sheet, including the features of the ions, the structure of the current sheet, and the dynamics of magnetic reconnection, are summarized. The last topic reviews the particle energization in Mercurys magnetosphere, which includes the energization of the Kelvin-Helmholtz waves on the magnetopause boundaries, reconnection-generated magnetic structures, and the cross-tail electric field. In each chapter, the last section discusses the open questions related with each topic, which can be considered by the simulations and the future spacecraft mission. We close by summarizing the future BepiColombo opportunities, which is a joint mission between ESA and JAXA, and is en route to Mercury.
We test and compare a number of existing models predicting the location of magnetic reconnection at Earths dayside magnetopause for various solar wind conditions. We employ robust image processing techniques to determine the locations where each mode
The Earths magnetosphere represents a natural plasma laboratory that allows us to study the behavior of particle distribution functions in the absence of Coulomb collisions, typically described by the Kappa distributions. We have investigated the pro
This paper presents the state of the art of kinetic modeling techniques for simulating plasma kinetic dynamics in magnetospheres. We describe the critical numerical techniques for enabling large-scale kinetic simulations of magnetospheres: parameter
For the first time, we explore the tightly coupled interior-magnetosphere system of Mercury by employing a three-dimensional ten-moment multifluid model. This novel fluid model incorporates the non-ideal effects including the Hall effect, inertia, an
We use the am, an, as and the a-sigma geomagnetic indices to the explore a previously overlooked factor in magnetospheric electrodynamics, namely the inductive effect of diurnal motions of the Earths magnetic poles toward and away from the Sun caused