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تسجيل مستخدم جديدThe star catalogue of Wilhelm IV, Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel
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Near the end of the 16th century Wilhelm IV, Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel, set up an observatory with the main goal to increase the accuracy of stellar positions primarily for use in astrology and for calendar purposes. A new star catalogue was compiled from measurements of altitudes and angles between stars and a print ready version was prepared listing measurements as well as equatorial and ecliptic coordinates of stellar positions. Unfortunately, this catalogue appeared in print not before 1666, long after the dissemination of Brahes catalogue. With the data given in the manuscript we are able to analyze the accuracy of measurements and computations. The measurements and the computations are very accurate, thanks to the instrument maker and mathematician Jost Burgi. The star catalogue is more accurate by a factor two than the later catalogue of Tycho Brahe.
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We analyse a manuscript star catalogue by Wilhem IV, Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel, from 1586. From measurements of altitudes and of angles between stars, given in the catalogue, we find that the measurement accuracy averages 26 arcsec for eight fundame
ntal stars, compared to 49 arcsec of the measurements by Brahe. The computation in converting altitudes to declinations and angles between stars to celestial position is very accurate, with errors negligible with respect to the measurement errors. Due to an offset in the position of the vernal equinox the positional error of the catalogue is slightly worse than that of Brahes catalogue, but when correction is made for the offset -- which was known to 17th century astronomers -- the catalogue is more accurate than that of Brahe by a factor two. We provide machine-readable Tables of the catalogue.
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