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We study the one-dimensional projection of the extremal Gibbs measures of the two-dimensional Ising model, the Schonmann projection. These measures are known to be non-Gibbsian at low temperatures, since their conditional probabilities as a function of the two-sided boundary conditions are not continuous. We prove that they are g-measures, which means that their conditional probabilities have a continuous dependence on one-sided boundary condition.
We show the Godbillon-Vey invariant arises as a `restricted Casimir invariant for three-dimensional ideal fluids associated to a foliation. We compare to a finite-dimensional system, the rattleback, where analogous phenomena occur.
The recent researches in non equilibrium and far from equilibrium systems have been proved to be useful for their applications in different disciplines and many subjects. A general principle to approach all these phenomena with a unique method of ana
We compare optical and hard X-ray identifications of AGNs using a uniformly selected (above a flux limit of f_2-8 keV = 3.5e-15 erg/cm2/s) and highly optically spectroscopically complete ( > 80% for f_2-8 keV > 1e-14 erg/cm2/s and > 60% below) 2-8 ke
General wisdom tells us that if two quantum states are ``macroscopically distinguishable then their superposition should be hard to observe. We make this intuition precise and general by quantifying the difficulty to observe the quantum nature of a s
The concept of realism in quantum mechanics means that results of measurement are caused by physical variables, hidden or observable. Local hidden variables were proved unable to explain results of measurements on entangled particles tested far away