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In this paper, we present a unified scheme based on the fluid description of the dark sector of the universe. The scheme captures models with interaction between dark energy and dark matter, being the core of generalization the time-varying equation-of-state parameter $omega(a)$ and the time-dependent interactions through the interaction function $epsilon(a)$, where $a$ is the scale factor. Furthermore, we propose thermodynamics constraints on this generalized class of models using the laws of thermodynamics which are combined with observational data. In order to test the observational viability of the unified model, we perform a Bayesian analysis using cosmic chronometers, type Ia supernovae, cosmic microwave background, and angular baryon acoustic oscillation measurements.
It is possible that there exist some interactions between dark energy (DE) and dark matter (DM), and a suitable interaction can alleviate the coincidence problem. Several phenomenological interacting forms are proposed and are fitted with observation
We consider an interacting field theory model that describes the interaction between dark energy - dark matter interaction. Only for a specific interaction term, this interacting field theory description has an equivalent interacting fluid descriptio
We explore the model-independent constraints from cosmology on a dark-matter particle with no prominent standard model interactions that interacts and thermalizes with other particles in a hidden sector. Without specifying detailed hidden-sector part
A phenomenological attempt at alleviating the so-called coincidence problem is to allow the dark matter and dark energy to interact. By assuming a coupled quintessence scenario characterized by an interaction parameter $epsilon$, we investigate the p
Axions arise in many theoretical extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, in particular the string axiverse. If the axion masses, $m_a$, and (effective) decay constants, $f_a$, lie in specific ranges, then axions contribute to the cosmol