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Many objects discovered by LIGO and Virgo are peculiar because they fall in a mass range which in the past was considered unpopulated by compact object. Given the significance of the astrophysical implications, it is important to first understand how their masses are measured from gravitational-wave signals. How accurate is the measurement? Are there elements missing in our current model which may result in a bias? This chapter is dedicated to these questions. In particular, we will highlight several astrophysical factors which are not included in the standard model of GW sources but could result in a significant bias in the estimation of the mass. These factors include strong gravitational lensing, the relative motion of the source, a nearby massive object, and a gaseous background.
The detection of electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational waves has great promise for the investigation of many scientific questions. It has long been hoped that in addition to providing extra, non-gravitational information about the sources of
The second generation of gravitational-wave detectors are being built and tuned all over the world. The detection of signals from binary black holes is beginning to fulfill the promise of gravitational-wave astronomy. In this work, we examine several
Certain classes of astrophysical objects, namely magnetars and central engines of supernovae and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), are characterized by extreme physical conditions not encountered elsewhere in the Universe. In particular, they possess magnetic
The dynamics of coalescing compact binaries can be affected by the environment in which the systems evolve, leaving detectable signatures into the emitted gravitational signal. In this paper we investigate the ability of gravitational-wave detectors
A gravitational wave stochastic background of astrophysical origin may have resulted from the superposition of a large number of unresolved sources since the beginning of stellar activity. Its detection would put very strong constrains on the physica