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تسجيل مستخدم جديدSnowmass 2021 LoI: Neutrino-induced Shallow- and Deep-Inelastic Scattering
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In neutrino interactions with nucleons and nuclei, Shallow Inelastic Scattering (SIS) refers to processes, dominated by non-resonant contributions, in the kinematic region where $Q^2$ is small and the invariant mass of the hadronic system, $W$, is above the pion production threshold. The extremely rich science of this complex region, poorly understood both theoretically and experimentally, encompasses the transition from interactions described in terms of hadronic degrees of freedom to interactions with quarks and gluons described by perturbative QCD. Since a large fraction of events in NOvA and DUNE, and in atmospheric neutrino measurements such as IceCube-Upgrade, KM3NeT, Super- and Hyper-Kamiokande, are from this SIS region, there is a definite need to improve our knowledge of this physics. This LoI summarizes the current understandings of the SIS physics and a series of proposals for the path to forward.
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In $ u/bar{ u}$-N/A interactions SIS is technically defined in terms of the four-momentum transfer to the hadronic system as non-resonant meson production with $Q^2 lessapprox 1~GeV^2$. This non-resonant meson production intermixes with resonant meso
n production in a regime of similar effective hadronic mass W of the interaction. As $Q^2$ grows and surpasses this $approx 1~GeV^2$ limit, non-resonant interactions begin to take place with quarks within the nucleon indicating the start of DIS region. SIS and DIS regions have received varying degrees of attention from the community. While the theoretical / phenomenological study of $ u$-nucleon and $ u$-nucleus DIS scattering is advanced, such studies of a large portion of the SIS region, particularly the SIS to DIS transition region, have hardly begun. Experimentally, the SIS and the DIS regions for $ u$-nucleon scattering have minimal results and only in the experimental study of the $ u$-nucleus DIS region are there significant results for some nuclei. Since current and future neutrino oscillation experiments have contributions from both higher W SIS and DIS kinematic regions and these regions are in need of both considerable theoretical and experimental study, this review will concentrate on these SIS to DIS transition and DIS kinematic regions surveying our knowledge and the current challenges.
The NuSTEC workshop (https://indico.cern.ch/event/727283) held at LAquila in October 2018 was devoted to neutrino-nucleus scattering in the kinematic region where hadronic systems with invariant masses above the $Delta(1232)$ resonance are produced:
the so-called shallow- and deep-inelastic scattering regime. Not only is the physics in this kinematic region quite intriguing, it is also important for current and future oscillation experiments with accelerator and atmospheric neutrinos. For the benefit of the community, links to the presentations are accompanied by annotations from the speakers.
Hyper-Kamiokande is the next generation underground water Cherenkov detector that builds on the highly successful Super-Kamiokande experiment. The detector which has an 8.4~times larger effective volume than its predecessor will be located along the
T2K neutrino beamline and utilize an upgraded J-PARC beam with 2.6~times beam power. Hyper-Ks low energy threshold combined with the very large fiducial volume make the detector unique, that is expected to acquire an unprecedented exposure of 3.8~Mton$cdot$year over a period of 20~years of operation. Hyper-Kamiokande combines an extremely diverse science program including nucleon decays, long-baseline neutrino oscillations, atmospheric neutrinos, and neutrinos from astrophysical origins. The scientific scope of this program is highly complementary to liquid-argon detectors for example in sensitivity to nucleon decay channels or supernova detection modes. Hyper-Kamiokande construction has started in early 2020 and the experiment is expected to start operations in 2027. The Hyper-Kamiokande collaboration is presently being formed amongst groups from 19 countries including the United States, whose community has a long history of making significant contributions to the neutrino physics program in Japan. US physicists have played leading roles in the Kamiokande, Super-Kamiokande, EGADS, K2K, and T2K programs.
In this talk we shortly describe the physics contents of the GiBUU transport code, used to describe lepton scattering off nuclei. Particular attention will be given to validation of the GiBUU in pion-, electron- and photon-induced reactions, which se
rve as a benchmark for neutrino-induced ones. We mainly concentrate on those properties of benchmark reactions, which are relevant to the region of Shallow Inelastic Scattering (SIS). Our results in this region are presented for integrated and differential cross sections. Comparison with recent MINOS inclusive data, as well as predictions for the differential cross sections measurable in Minerva and Nova experiments are made.
Collective behaviour of final-state hadrons, and multiparton interactions are studied in high-multiplicity $ep$ scattering at a centre-of-mass energy $sqrt{s}=318$ GeV with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Two- and four-particle azimuthal correlations, as
well as multiplicity, transverse momentum, and pseudorapidity distributions for charged-particle multiplicities $N_{textrm{ch}} geq 20$ are measured. The dependence of two-particle correlations on the virtuality of the exchanged photon shows a clear transition from photoproduction to neutral current deep inelastic scattering. For the multiplicities studied, neither the measurements in photoproduction processes nor those in neutral current deep inelastic scattering indicate significant collective behaviour of the kind observed in high-multiplicity hadronic collisions at RHIC and the LHC. Comparisons of PYTHIA predictions with the measurements in photoproduction strongly indicate the presence of multiparton interactions from hadronic fluctuations of the exchanged photon.
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