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The future 6G of wireless communication networks will have to meet multiple requirements in increasingly demanding levels, either individually or in combinations in small groups. This trend has spurred recent research activities on transceiver hardware architectures and novel wireless connectivity concepts. Among the emerging wireless hardware architectures belong the Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs), which are artificial planar structures with integrated electronic circuits that can be programmed to manipulate an incoming ElectroMagnetic (EM) field in a wide variety of functionalities. Incorporating RISs in wireless networks has been recently advocated as a revolutionary means to transform any naturally passive wireless communication environment to an active one. This can be accomplished by deploying cost-effective and easy to coat RISs to the environments objects (e.g., building facades and indoor walls/ceilings), thus, offering increased environmental intelligence for the scope of diverse wireless networking objectives. In this paper, we first provide a brief history on wave propagation control for optics and acoustics, and overview two representative indoor wireless trials at 2.47GHz for spatial EM modulation with a passive discrete RIS. The first trial dating back to 2014 showcases the feasibility of highly accurate spatiotemporal focusing and nulling, while the second very recent one demonstrates that passive RISs can enrich multipath scattering, thus, enabling throughput boosted communication links. Motivated by the late research excitement on the RIS potential for intelligent EM wave propagation modulation, we describe the status on RIS hardware architectures and present key open challenges and future research directions for RIS design and RIS-empowered 6G wireless communications.
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) comprised of tunable unit cells have recently drawn significant attention due to their superior capability in manipulating electromagnetic waves. In particular, RIS-assisted wireless communications have the
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) provide an interface between the electromagnetic world of the wireless propagation environment and the digital world of information science. Simple yet sufficiently accurate path loss models for RISs are an
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered communications is on the rise and is a promising technology envisioned to aid in 6G and beyond wireless communication networks. RISs can manipulate impinging waves through their electromagnetic eleme
Current discussions on the sixth Generation (6G) of wireless communications are envisioning future networks as a unified communication, sensing, and computing platform that intelligently enables diverse services, ranging from immersive to mission cri
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have promising coverage and data rate gains for wireless communication systems in 5G and beyond. Prior work has mainly focused on analyzing the performance of these surfaces using computer simulations or lab