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تسجيل مستخدم جديدOn the prospects of imaging Sagittarius A* from space
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Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at sub-millimeter waves has the potential to image the shadow of the black hole in the Galactic Center, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), and thereby test basic predictions of the theory of general relativity. We investigate the imaging prospects of a new Space VLBI mission concept. The setup consists of two satellites in polar or equatorial circular Medium-Earth Orbits with slightly different radii, resulting in a dense spiral-shaped uv-coverage with long baselines, allowing for extremely high-resolution and high-fidelity imaging of radio sources. We simulate observations of a general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics model of Sgr A* for this configuration with noise calculated from model system parameters. After gridding the $uv$-plane and averaging visibilities accumulated over multiple months of integration, images of Sgr A* with a resolution of up to 4 $mu$as could be reconstructed, allowing for stronger tests of general relativity and accretion models than with ground-based VLBI.
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It has been proposed that Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at sub-millimeter waves will allow us to image the shadow of the black hole in the center of our Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), and thereby test basic predictions of general rela
tivity. This paper presents imaging simulations of a new Space VLBI mission concept. An initial design study of the concept has been presented as the Event Horizon Imager (EHI). The EHI may be suitable for imaging Sgr A* at high frequencies (up to ~690 GHz), which has significant advantages over performing ground-based VLBI at 230 GHz. The concept EHI design consists of two or three satellites in polar or equatorial circular Medium-Earth Orbits with slightly different radii. Due to the relative drift of the satellites along the individual orbits, this setup will result in a dense spiral-shaped uv-coverage with long baselines (up to ~60 Glambda), allowing for extremely high-resolution and high-fidelity imaging of radio sources. We simulate EHI observations of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics models of Sgr A* and calculate the expected noise based on preliminary system parameters. On long baselines, where the signal-to-noise ratio may be low, fringes could be detected if the system is sufficiently phase stable and the satellite orbits can be reconstructed with sufficient accuracy. Averaging visibilities accumulated over multiple epochs of observations could then help improving the image quality. With three satellites, closure phases could be used for imaging. Our simulations show that the EHI could be capable of imaging the black hole shadow of Sgr A* with a resolution of 4 uas (about 8% of the shadow diameter) within several months of observing time. The EHI concept could thus be used to measure black hole shadows much more precisely than with ground-based VLBI, allowing for stronger tests of general relativity and accretion models.
The image of the emission surrounding the black hole in the center of the Milky Way is predicted to exhibit the imprint of general relativistic (GR) effects, including the existence of a shadow feature and a photon ring of diameter ~50 microarcsecond
s. Structure on these scales can be resolved by millimeter-wavelength very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). However, strong-field GR features of interest will be blurred at lambda >= 1.3 mm due to scattering by interstellar electrons. The scattering properties are well understood over most of the relevant range of baseline lengths, suggesting that the scattering may be (mostly) invertible. We simulate observations of a model image of Sgr A* and demonstrate that the effects of scattering can indeed be mitigated by correcting the visibilities before reconstructing the image. This technique is also applicable to Sgr A* at longer wavelengths.
The emission from Sgr A*, the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center, shows order of magnitude variability (flares) a few times a day that is particularly prominent in the near-infrared (NIR) and X-rays. We present a time-dependent model for
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