ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
The formation and melting of a mono-layered charged dust particle crystal in a DC glow discharge Argon plasma is studied. The nature of the melting/formation process is established as a first order phase transition from the nature of the variations in the Coulomb coupling parameter, the dust temperature, the structural order parameter and from the existence of a hysteresis behavior. Our experimental results are distinctly different from existing theoretical predictions for 2D crystals based on the KTHNY mechanism or the Grain boundary induced melting and indicate a novel mechanism that is akin to a fluctuation induced first order phase transition that has not been observed before in complex plasmas.
The observation is presented of naturally occurring pairing of particles and their cooperative drift in a two-dimensional plasma crystal. A single layer of plastic microspheres was suspended in the plasma sheath of a capacitively coupled rf discharge
Pinned solitons are a special class of nonlinear solutions created by a supersonically moving object in a fluid. They move with the same velocity as the moving object and thereby remain pinned to the object. A well known hydrodynamical phenomenon, th
Experimental nuclear level densities at excitation energies below the neutron threshold follow closely a constant-temperature shape. This dependence is unexpected and poorly understood. In this work, a fundamental explanation of the observed constant
Heat generated as a result of the breakdown of an adiabatic process is one of the central concepts of thermodynamics. In isolated systems, the heat can be defined as an energy increase due to transitions between distinct energy levels. Across a secon
We present a very minimal model for baryogenesis by a dark first-order phase transition. It employs a new dark $SU(2)_{D}$ gauge group with two doublet Higgs bosons, two lepton doublets, and two singlets. The singlets act as a neutrino portal that tr