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تسجيل مستخدم جديدThe gamma-ray and Optical Variability Analysis of the BL Lac Object 3FGL J0449.4-4350
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We have assembled the historical light curves of the BL Lac Object 3FGL J0449.4-4350 at optical and gamma-ray bands, the time spanning about 10 years, analyzed the periodic variability of the light curves by using four different methods (Lomb-Scargle periodogram, REDFIT38, Jurkevich and DACF). We detected a marginally possible quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) of ~450 days. Assuming it originates from the helical motion jet in a supermassive binary black hole (SMBBH) system undergoing major merger, we estimate the primary black hole mass M~7.7*10^{9} M_sun. To explore the origin of the gamma-ray, we investigated the optical-gamma-ray correlations using discrete correlation function (DCF) method, and found that the correlation between the two bands is very significant. This strong correlation tends to imply lepton self-synchro-Compton (LSSC) model to produce the gamma-ray.
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173 -
E.J. Lindfors (Tuorla Observatory
, Department of Physics andn Astronomy
, University of Turku Finland
2016
We compare the variability properties of very high energy gamma-ray emitting BL Lac objects in the optical and radio bands. We use the variability information to distinguish multiple emission components in the jet, to be used as a guidance for spectr
al energy distribution modelling. Our sample includes 32 objects in the Northern sky that have data for at least 2 years in both bands. We use optical R-band data from the Tuorla blazar monitoring program and 15 GHz radio data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory blazer monitoring program. We estimate the variability amplitudes using the intrinsic modulation index, and study the time-domain connection by cross-correlating the optical and radio light curves assuming power law power spectral density. Our sample objects are in general more variable in the optical than radio. We find correlated flares in about half of the objects, and correlated long-term trends in more than 40% of the objects. In these objects we estimate that at least 10%-50% of the optical emission originates in the same emission region as the radio, while the other half is due to faster variations not seen in the radio. This implies that simple single-zone spectral energy distribution models are not adequate for many of these objects.
127 -
F. DAmmando
, S. Rain`o (Dip.n Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin dellUniversit`a e del Politecnico din Bari
2018
AIMS. We are studying an unbiased sample of 42 nearby (z < 0.2) BL Lacertae objects with a multi-wavelength approach. The results of VLBI observations were presented in the first paper of this series. In this paper, we study the $gamma$-ray propertie
s of the sample. METHODS. We analyse data collected by the Fermi LAT during its first 8.5 years of operation in the energy range 0.1-300 GeV. RESULTS. We reveal 23 sources with a test statistic greater than 25 (corresponding to $sim$ 4.6-$sigma$) out of 42, with 3 sources not detected in the 3LAC catalogue, and fluxes between $3.5times 10^{-10}$ and $7.4times10^{-8}$ ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The majority of the sources have hard spectra ($Gamma leq 2$), with only four having values in the range 2.1-2.4. The three newly detected sources have fluxes in the range between $0.54times10^{-9}$ and $1.35times10^{-9}$ ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, and photon index 1.7-1.9. Among the 23 LAT-detected sources, 19 are included in the 3FHL, with a spectrum that connects relatively smoothly from 0.1 GeV to 2 TeV. LAT-detected BL Lacs are more luminous on parsec scales with respect to non-LAT-detected sources and have larger core dominance according to the unified models. CONCLUSIONS. The LAT-detected BL Lacs seem to be composed of a bulk of classical sources dominated by Doppler boosting and characterised by compact and bright radio emission as well as hard $gamma$-ray spectra. Moreover, we have identified a possible population of low-luminosity BL Lacs not detected by LAT, lacking a VLBI core, and with a small Doppler factor. Furthermore, three LAT-detected sources show non-classical properties for $gamma$-ray emitting BL Lacs (no evidence of relativistic jet, low Doppler factor in radio images, relatively low core dominance) and three other sources, while showing radio emission on parsec scales, are not detected in $gamma$ rays so far.
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We examine the 2008-2016 $gamma$-ray and optical light curves of three bright BL Lac objects, 0716+714, MRK 421, BL Lac, which exhibit large structured variability. We searched for periodicities by using a fully Bayesian approach. For two out of thre
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1ES 0414+009 (z = 0.287) is a distant high-frequency-peaked BL Lac object, and has long been considered a likely emitter of very-high energy (VHE, E>100 GeV) gamma-rays due to its high X-ray and radio flux. Observations in the VHE gamma-ray band and
across the electromagnetic spectrum can provide insights into the origin of highly energetic particles present in the source and the radiation processes at work. Because of the distance of the source, the gamma-ray spectrum might provide further limits on the level of the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL). We report observations made between October 2005 and December 2009 with H.E.S.S., an array of four imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Observations at high energies (HE, 100 MeV - 100 GeV) with the Fermi-LAT instrument in the first 20 months of its operation are also reported. To complete the multi-wavelength picture, archival UV and X-ray observations with the Swift satellite and optical observations with the ATOM telescope are also used. Based on the observations with H.E.S.S., 1ES 0414+009 is detected for the first time in the VHE band. An excess of 224 events is measured, corresponding to a significance of 7.8 sigma. The photon spectrum of the source is well described by a power law, with photon index of 3.45 pm 0.25stat pm 0.20syst. The integral flux above 200 GeV is (1.88 pm 0.20stat pm 0.38syst) times10-12 cm-2 s-1. Observations with the Fermi-LAT in the first 20 months of operation show a flux between 200 MeV and 100 GeV of (2.3 pm 0.2stat) times 10-9 erg cm-2 s-1, and a spectrum well described by a power-law function with a photon index 1.85 pm 0.18. Swift/XRT observations show an X-ray flux between 2 and 10 keV of (0.8 - 1) times 10-11 erg cm-2 s-1, and a steep spectrum (2.2 - 2.3). Combining X-ray with optical-UV data, a fit with a log-parabolic function locates the synchrotron peak around 0.1 keV. ...
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