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Planetary nebulae (PNe) were expected to be filled with hot pressurized gas driving their expansion. ROSAT hinted at the presence of diffuse X-ray emission from these hot bubbles and detected the first sources of hard X-ray emission from their central stars, but it was not until the advent of Chandra and XMM-Newton that we became able to study in detail their occurrence and physical properties. Here I review the progress in the X-ray observations of PNe since the first WORKshop for PLAnetary Nebulae observationS (WORKPLANS) and present the perspective for future X-ray missions with particular emphasis on eROSITA.
We compute a large grid of photoionization models that covers a wide range of physical parameters and is representative of most of the observed PNe. Using this grid, we derive new formulae for the ionization correction factors (ICFs) of He, O, N, Ne,
The Spitzer Space Telescope has three science instruments (IRAC, MIPS, and IRS) that can take images at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, 24, 70, and 160 microns, spectra over 5--38 microns, and spectral energy distribution over 52--100 microns. The Spitzer archiv
We present X-ray spectral analysis of 20 point-like X-ray sources detected in Chandra Planetary Nebula Survey (ChanPlaNS) observations of 59 planetary nebulae (PNe) in the solar neighborhood. Most of these 20 detections are associated with luminous c
Number of known symbiotic stars (SySt) is still significantly lower than their predicted population. One of the main problems in finding complete population of SySt is the fact that their spectrum can be confused with other objects, such as planetary
We present the results of a comprehensive, near-UV-to-near-IR Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 imaging study of the young planetary nebula (PN) NGC 6302, the archetype of the class of extreme bi-lobed, pinched-waist PNe that are rich in dust and molecular