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We present an extensive ALMA spectroscopic follow-up programme of the $z,{=},4.3$ structure SPT2349$-$56, one of the most actively star-forming proto-cluster cores known, to identify additional members using their [C{sc ii}] 158,$mu$m and mbox{CO(4--3)} lines. In addition to robustly detecting the 14 previously published galaxies in this structure, we identify a further 15 associated galaxies at $z,{=},4.3$, resolving 55$,{pm},$5,per cent of the 870-$mu$m flux density at 0.5,arcsec resolution compared to 21,arcsec single-dish data. These galaxies are distributed into a central core containing 23 galaxies extending out to 300,kpc in diameter, and a northern extension, offset from the core by 400,kpc, containing three galaxies. We discovered three additional galaxies in a red {it Herschel/}-SPIRE source 1.5,Mpc from the main structure, suggesting the existence of many other sources at the same redshift as SPT2349$-$56 that are not yet detected in the limited coverage of our data. An analysis of the velocity distribution of the central galaxies indicates that this region may be virialized with a mass of (9$pm$5)$,{times},$10$^{12}$,M$_{odot}$, while the two offset galaxy groups are about 30 and 60,per cent less massive and show significant velocity offsets from the central group. We calculate the [C{sc ii}] and far-infrared number counts, and find evidence for a break in the [C{sc ii}] luminosity function. We estimate the average SFR density within the region of SPT2349$-$56 containing single-dish emission (a proper diametre of 720,kpc), assuming spherical symmetry, to be roughly 4$,{times},10^4$,M$_{odot}$,yr$^{-1}$,Mpc$^{-3}$; this may be an order of magnitude greater than the most extreme examples seen in simulations.
We present Gemini-S and {it Spitzer}-IRAC optical-through-near-IR observations in the field of the SPT2349-56 proto-cluster at $z=4.3$. We detect optical/IR counterparts for only nine of the 14 submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) previously identified by A
The protocluster core SPT2349$-$56 at $z,{=},4.3$ is one of the most actively star-forming regions known, yet constraints on the total stellar mass of this system are highly uncertain. We have therefore carried out deep optical and infrared observati
Massive galaxy clusters are now found as early as 3 billion years after the Big Bang, containing stars that formed at even earlier epochs. The high-redshift progenitors of these galaxy clusters, termed protoclusters, are identified in cosmological si
Ly$alpha$-emitting galaxies (LAEs) are easily detectable in the high-redshift Universe and are potentially efficient tracers of large scale structure at early epochs, as long as their observed properties do not strongly depend on environment. We inve
We investigate the role of the environment in processing molecular gas in radio galaxies (RGs). We observed five RGs at $z=0.4-2.6$ in dense Mpc-scale environment with the IRAM-30m telescope. We set four upper-limits and report a tentative CO(7$right