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Universality or near-universality of citation distributions was found empirically a decade ago but its theoretical justification has been lacking so far. Here, we systematically study citation distributions for different disciplines in order to characterize this putative universality and to understand it theoretically. Using our calibrated model of citation dynamics, we find microscopic explanation of the universality of citation distributions and explain deviations therefrom. We demonstrate that citation count of the paper is determined, on the one hand, by its fitness -- the attribute which, for most papers, is set at the moment of publication. The fitness distributions for different disciplines are very similar and can be approximated by the log-normal distribution. On another hand, citation dynamics of a paper is related to the mechanism by which the knowledge about it spreads in the scientific community. This viral propagation is non-universal and discipline-specific. Thus, universality of citation distributions traces its origin to the fitness distribution, while deviations from universality are associated with the discipline-specific citation dynamics of papers.
We study the distributions of citations received by a single publication within several disciplines, spanning broad areas of science. We show that the probability that an article is cited $c$ times has large variations between different disciplines,
Many of the essential features of the evolution of scientific research are imprinted in the structure of citation networks. Connections in these networks imply information about the transfer of knowledge among papers, or in other words, edges describ
Using a large database (~ 215 000 records) of relevant articles, we empirically study the complex systems field and its claims to find universal principles applying to systems in general. The study of references shared by the papers allows us to obta
We present a simple generalization of Hirschs h-index, Z = sqrt{h^{2}+C}/sqrt{5}, where C is the total number of citations. Z is aimed at correcting the potentially excessive penalty made by h on a scientists highly cited papers, because for the majo
Whether a scientific paper is cited is related not only to the influence of its author(s) but also to the journal publishing it. Scientists, either proficient or tender, usually submit their most important work to prestigious journals which receives