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Research institutions provide the infrastructure for scientific discovery, yet their role in the production of knowledge is not well characterized. To address this gap, we analyze interactions of researchers within and between institutions from millions of scientific papers. Our analysis reveals that the number of collaborations scales superlinearly with institution size, though at different rates (heterogeneous densification). We also find that the number of institutions scales with the number of researchers as a power law (Heaps law) and institution sizes approximate Zipfs law. These patterns can be reproduced by a simple model with three mechanisms: (i) researchers collaborate with friends-of-friends, (ii) new institutions trigger more potential institutions, and (iii) researchers are preferentially hired by large institutions. This model reveals an economy of scale in research: larger institutions grow faster and amplify collaborations. Our work provides a new understanding of emergent behavior in research institutions and how they facilitate innovation.
Human behaviors are often driven by human interests. Despite intense recent efforts in exploring the dynamics of human behaviors, little is known about human-interest dynamics, partly due to the extreme difficulty in accessing the human mind from obs
Background: Zipfs law and Heaps law are two representatives of the scaling concepts, which play a significant role in the study of complexity science. The coexistence of the Zipfs law and the Heaps law motivates different understandings on the depend
We present new empirical evidence, based on millions of interactions on Twitter, confirming that human contacts scale with population sizes. We integrate such observations into a reaction-diffusion metapopulation framework providing an analytical exp
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Understanding the emergence of strong controversial issues in modern societies is a key issue in opinion studies. A commonly diffused idea is the fact that the increasing of homophily in social networks, due to the modern ICT, can be a driving force