ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
We present resolved [CI] line intensities of 18 nearby galaxies observed with the SPIRE FTS spectrometer on the Herschel Space Observatory. We use these data along with resolved CO line intensities from $J_mathrm{up} = 1$ to 7 to interpret what phase of the interstellar medium the [CI] lines trace within typical local galaxies. A tight, linear relation is found between the intensities of the CO(4-3) and [CI](2-1) lines; we hypothesize this is due to the similar upper level temperature of these two lines. We modeled the [CI] and CO line emission using large velocity gradient models combined with an empirical template. According to this modeling, the [CI](1-0) line is clearly dominated by the low-excitation component. We determine [CI] to molecular mass conversion factors for both the [CI](1-0) and [CI](2-1) lines, with mean values of $alpha_{mathrm{[CI](1-0)}} = 7.3$ M$_{mathrm{sun}}$ K$^{-1}$ km$^{-1}$ s pc$^{-2}$ and $alpha_{mathrm{[CI](2-1)}} = 34 $ M$_{mathrm{sun}}$ K$^{-1}$ km$^{-1}$ s pc$^{-2}$ with logarithmic root-mean-square spreads of 0.20 and 0.32 dex, respectively. The similar spread of $alpha_{mathrm{[CI](1-0)}}$ to $alpha_{mathrm{CO}}$ (derived using the CO(2-1) line) suggests that [CI](1-0) may be just as good a tracer of cold molecular gas as CO(2-1) in galaxies of this type. On the other hand, the wider spread of $alpha_{mathrm{[CI](2-1)}}$ and the tight relation found between [CI](2-1) and CO(4-3) suggest that much of the [CI](2-1) emission may originate in warmer molecular gas.
Measuring molecular gas mass is vital for understanding the evolution of galaxies at high redshifts (z$geq$1). Most measurements rely on CO as a tracer, but dependences on metallicity, dynamics and surface density lead to systematic uncertainties in
Sensitive new observations of the fine structure line $^3$P$_2$$to $ $^3$P$_1$ (J=2--1) of the neutral atomic carbon CI ($ u_{rest}sim 809$ GHz) in the strongly lensed Ultra Luminous Infrared Galaxy (ULIRG) IRAS F10214+4724 at z=2.3 with the mm/sub-m
Studying molecular gas in the central regions of the star burst galaxies NGC4945 and Circinus enables us to characterize the physical conditions and compare them to previous local and high-z studies. We estimate temperature, molecular density and col
High-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies with very high star formation rates (500 -- 3000 M$_odot$ yr$^{-1}$) are key to understanding the formation of the most extreme galaxies in the early Universe. Characterising the gas reservoir of these system
We present a supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass measurement in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC7469 using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the atomic-${rm [CI]}$(1-0) and molecular-$^{12}$CO(1-0) emission lines at the spat