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Below its Neel temperature, the frustrated magnet CdCr$_2$O$_4$ exhibits an antiferromagnetic spin-spiral ground state. Such states can give rise to a sizable magnetoelectric coupling. In this report, we measure the electric polarization induced in single-crystalline CdCr$_2$O$_4$ by a large applied magnetic field. Because the detection of a macroscopic polarization is hindered by the structural domains in the tetragonal spin-spiral phase, we have pioneered an alternative method of measuring polarization induced by high magnetic fields, using electrostatic force microscopy. This method enables us to measure polarization from nanometer sized areas of the sample surface, as well as imaging how to charge inhomogeneities change with magnetic field.
Moire superlattices in van der Waals heterostructures are gaining increasing attention because they offer new opportunities to tailor and explore unique electronic phenomena when stacking 2D materials with small twist angles. Here, we reveal local su
We report on state-of-the-art scanning probe microscopy measurements performed in a pulse tube based top-loading closed-cycle cryostat with a base temperature of 4 K and a 9 T magnet. We decoupled the sample space from the mechanical and acoustic noi
The graphene moire structures on metals, as they demonstrate both long (moire) and short (atomic) scale ordered structures, are the ideal systems for the application of scanning probe methods. Here we present the complex studies of the graphene/Ir(11
Time-resolved scanning Kerr microscopy (TRSKM) is a powerful technique for the investigation of picosecond magnetization dynamics at sub-micron length scales by means of the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). The spatial resolution of conventional (
Thermodynamics of tip-induced nanodomain formation in scanning probe microscopy of ferroelectric films and crystals is studied using the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire phenomenological approach. The local redistribution of polarization induced by the bia