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Reconsidering astrophysical constraints on macroscopic dark matter

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 نشر من قبل Jagjit Singh Sidhu
 تاريخ النشر 2019
  مجال البحث فيزياء
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Macroscopic dark matter -- macros-- refers to a broad class of alternative candidates to particle dark matter with still unprobed regions of parameter space. These candidates would transfer energy primarily through elastic scattering with approximately their geometric cross-section. For sufficiently large cross-sections, the linear energy deposition could produce observable signals if a macro were to pass through compact objects such as white dwarfs or neutron stars in the form of thermonuclear runaway, leading to a type IA supernova or superburst respectively. We update the constraints from white dwarfs. These are weaker than previously inferred in important respects because of more careful treatment of the passage of a macro through the white dwarf and greater conservatism regarding the size of the region that must be heated to initiate runaway. On the other hand, we place more stringent constraints on macros at low cross-section, using new data from the Montreal White Dwarf Database. New constraints are inferred from the low mass X-ray binary 4U 1820-30, in which more than a decade passed between successive superbursts. Updated microlensing constraints are also reported.

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We revise the cosmological phenomenology of Macroscopic Dark Matter (MDM) candidates, also commonly dubbed as Macros. A possible signature of MDM is the capture of baryons from the cosmological plasma in the pre-recombination epoch, with the conseque nt injection of high-energy photons in the baryon-photon plasma. By keeping a phenomenological approach, we consider two broad classes of MDM in which Macros are composed either of ordinary matter or antimatter. In both scenarios, we also analyze the impact of a non-vanishing electric charge carried by Macros. We derive constraints on the Macro parameter space from three cosmological processes: the change in the baryon density between the end of the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) decoupling, the production of spectral distortions in the CMB and the kinetic coupling between charged MDM and baryons at the time of recombination. In the case of neutral Macros we find that the tightest constraints are set by the baryon density condition in most of the parameter space. For Macros composed of ordinary matter and with binding energy $I$, this leads to the following bound on the reduced cross-section: $sigma_X/M_X lesssim 6.8 cdot 10^{-7} left(I/mathrm{MeV}right)^{-1.56} , text{cm}^2 , text{g}^{-1}$. Charged Macros with surface potential $V_X$, instead, are mainly constrained by the tight coupling with baryons, resulting in $sigma_X/M_X lesssim 2 cdot 10^{-11} left(|V_X|/mathrm{MeV}right)^{-2} text{cm}^2 , text{g}^{-1}$. Finally, we show that future CMB spectral distortions experiments, like PIXIE and SuperPIXIE, would have the sensitivity to probe larger regions of the parameter space: this would allow either for a possible evidence or for an improvement of the current bounds on Macros as dark matter candidates.
55 - Jagjit Singh Sidhu 2019
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