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The goal of immunotherapy is to enhance the ability of the immune system to kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy is more effective and, in general, the prognosis is better, when more immune cells infiltrate the tumor. We explore the question of whether the spatial distribution rather than just the density of immune cells in the tumor is important in forecasting whether cancer recurs. After reviewing previous work on this issue, we introduce a novel application of maximum entropy to quantify the spatial distribution of discrete point-like objects. We apply our approach to B and T cells in images of tumor tissue taken from triple negative breast cancer (TBNC) patients. We find that there is a distinct difference in the spatial distribution of immune cells between good clinical outcome (no recurrence of cancer within at least 5 years of diagnosis) and poor clinical outcome (recurrence within 3 years of diagnosis). Our results highlight the importance of spatial distribution of immune cells within tumors with regard to clinical outcome, and raise new questions on their role in cancer recurrence.
A single solid tumor, composed of nearly identical cells, exhibits heterogeneous dynamics. Cells dynamics in the core is glass-like whereas those in the periphery undergo diffusive or super-diffusive behavior. Quantification of heterogeneity using th
Despite the spectacular achievements of molecular biology in the second half of the twentieth century and the crucial advances it permitted in cancer research, the fight against cancer has brought some disillusions. It is nowadays more and more appar
Near a bifurcation point, the response time of a system is expected to diverge due to the phenomenon of critical slowing down. We investigate critical slowing down in well-mixed stochastic models of biochemical feedback by exploiting a mapping to the
Blood system functions are very diverse and important for most processes in human organism. One of its primary functions is matter transport among different parts of the organism including tissue supplying with oxygen, carbon dioxide excretion, drug
Spectacular collective phenomena such as jamming, turbulence, wetting, and waves emerge when living cells migrate in groups.