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Let $T$ be a right exact functor from an abelian category $mathscr{B}$ into another abelian category $mathscr{A}$. Then there exists a functor ${bf p}$ from the product category $mathscr{A}timesmathscr{B}$ to the comma category $(Tdownarrowmathscr{A})$. In this paper, we study the property of the extension closure of some classes of objects in $(Tdownarrowmathscr{A})$, the exactness of the functor ${bf p}$ and the detail description of orthogonal classes of a given class ${bf p}(mathcal{X},mathcal{Y})$ in $(Tdownarrowmathscr{A})$. Moreover, we characterize when special precovering classes in abelian categories $mathscr{A}$ and $mathscr{B}$ can induce special precovering classes in $(Tdownarrowmathscr{A})$. As an application, we prove that under suitable cases, the class of Gorenstein projective left $Lambda$-modules over a triangular matrix ring $Lambda=left(begin{smallmatrix}R & M O & S end{smallmatrix} right)$ is special precovering if and only if both the classes of Gorenstein projective left $R$-modules and left $S$-modules are special precovering. Consequently, we produce a large variety of examples of rings such that the class of Gorenstein projective modules is special precovering over them.
Let $t$ be a positive real number. A graph is called $t$-tough, if the removal of any cutset $S$ leaves at most $|S|/t$ components. The toughness of a graph is the largest $t$ for which the graph is $t$-tough. A graph is minimally $t$-tough, if the t
Frei et al. [6] showed that the problem to decide whether a graph is stable with respect to some graph parameter under adding or removing either edges or vertices is $Theta_2^{text{P}}$-complete. They studied the common graph parameters $alpha$ (inde
In this paper, we first provide an explicit procedure to glue complete hereditary cotorsion pairs along the recollement $(mathcal{A},mathcal{C},mathcal{B})$ of abelian categories with enough projective and injective objects. As a consequence, we inve
Comtrans algebras, arising in web geometry, have two trilinear operations, commutator and translator. We determine a Grobner basis for the comtrans operad, and state a conjecture on its dimension formula. We study multilinear polynomial identities fo
Let $mathcal{H}$ be a hereditary abelian category over a field $k$ with finite dimensional $operatorname{Hom}$ and $operatorname{Ext}$ spaces. It is proved that the bounded derived category $mathcal{D}^b(mathcal{H})$ has a silting object iff $mathcal