ترغب بنشر مسار تعليمي؟ اضغط هنا

Spatial Data Science: Closing the human-spatial computing-environment loop

98   0   0.0 ( 0 )
 نشر من قبل Benjamin Adams
 تاريخ النشر 2019
  مجال البحث الهندسة المعلوماتية
والبحث باللغة English
 تأليف Benjamin Adams




اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث

Over the last decade, the term spatial computing has grown to have two different, though not entirely unrelated, definitions. The first definition of spatial computing stems from industry, where it refers primarily to new kinds of augmented, virtual, mixed-reality, and natural user interface technologies. A second definition coming out of academia takes a broader perspective that includes active research in geographic information science as well as the aforementioned novel UI technologies. Both senses reflect an ongoing shift toward increased interaction with computing interfaces and sensors embedded in the environment and how the use of these technologies influence how we behave and make sense of and even change the world we live in. Regardless of the definition, research in spatial computing is humming along nicely without the need to identify new research agendas or new labels for communities of researchers. However, as a field of research, it could be helpful to view spatial data science as the glue that coheres spatial computing with problem-solving and learning in the real world into a more holistic discipline.



قيم البحث

اقرأ أيضاً

402 - Michelle Feng , Abigail Hickok , 2021
In this chapter, we discuss applications of topological data analysis (TDA) to spatial systems. We briefly review the recently proposed level-set construction of filtered simplicial complexes, and we then examine persistent homology in two cases stud ies: street networks in Shanghai and hotspots of COVID-19 infections. We then summarize our results and provide an outlook on TDA in spatial systems.
Accurate modelling of local population movement patterns is a core contemporary concern for urban policymakers, affecting both the short term deployment of public transport resources and the longer term planning of transport infrastructure. Yet, whil e macro-level population movement models (such as the gravity and radiation models) are well developed, micro-level alternatives are in much shorter supply, with most macro-models known to perform badly in smaller geographic confines. In this paper we take a first step to remedying this deficit, by leveraging two novel datasets to analyse where and why macro-level models of human mobility break down at small scales. In particular, we use an anonymised aggregate dataset from a major mobility app and combine this with freely available data from OpenStreetMap concerning land-use composition of different areas around the county of Oxfordshire in the United Kingdom. We show where different models fail, and make the case for a new modelling strategy which moves beyond rough heuristics such as distance and population size towards a detailed, granular understanding of the opportunities presented in different areas of the city.
The outbreak of COVID-19 highlights the need for a more harmonized, less privacy-concerning, easily accessible approach to monitoring the human mobility that has been proved to be associated with the viral transmission. In this study, we analyzed 587 million tweets worldwide to see how global collaborative efforts in reducing human mobility are reflected from the user-generated information at the global, country, and the U.S. state scale. Considering the multifaceted nature of mobility, we propose two types of distance: the single-day distance and the cross-day distance. To quantify the responsiveness in certain geographical regions, we further propose a mobility-based responsive index (MRI) that captures the overall degree of mobility changes within a time window. The results suggest that mobility patterns obtained from Twitter data are amendable to quantitatively reflect the mobility dynamics. Globally, the proposed two distances had greatly deviated from their baselines after March 11, 2020, when WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. The considerably less periodicity after the declaration suggests that the protection measures have obviously affected peoples travel routines. The country scale comparisons reveal the discrepancies in responsiveness, evidenced by the contrasting mobility patterns in different epidemic phases. We find that the triggers of mobility changes correspond well with the national announcements of mitigation measures. In the U.S., the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on mobility is distinct. However, the impacts varied substantially among states. The strong mobility recovering momentum is further fueled by the Black Lives Matter protests, potentially fostering the second wave of infections in the U.S.
We propose a mixed-methods approach to understanding the human infrastructure underlying StreetNet (SNET), a distributed, community-run intranet that serves as the primary Internet in Havana, Cuba. We bridge ethnographic studies and the study of soci al networks and organizations to understand the way that power is embedded in the structure of Havanas SNET. By quantitatively and qualitatively unpacking the human infrastructure of SNET, this work reveals how distributed infrastructure necessarily embeds the structural aspects of inequality distributed within that infrastructure. While traditional technical measurements of networks reflect the social, organizational, spatial, and technical constraints that shape the resulting network, ethnographies can help uncover the texture and role of these hidden supporting relationships. By merging these perspectives, this work contributes to our understanding of network roles in growing and maintaining distributed infrastructures, revealing new approaches to understanding larger, more complex Internet-human infrastructures---including the Internet and the WWW.
Cycles are fundamental to human health and behavior. However, modeling cycles in time series data is challenging because in most cases the cycles are not labeled or directly observed and need to be inferred from multidimensional measurements taken ov er time. Here, we present CyHMMs, a cyclic hidden Markov model method for detecting and modeling cycles in a collection of multidimensional heterogeneous time series data. In contrast to previous cycle modeling methods, CyHMMs deal with a number of challenges encountered in modeling real-world cycles: they can model multivariate data with discrete and continuous dimensions; they explicitly model and are robust to missing data; and they can share information across individuals to model variation both within and between individual time series. Experiments on synthetic and real-world health-tracking data demonstrate that CyHMMs infer cycle lengths more accurately than existing methods, with 58% lower error on simulated data and 63% lower error on real-world data compared to the best-performing baseline. CyHMMs can also perform functions which baselines cannot: they can model the progression of individual features/symptoms over the course of the cycle, identify the most variable features, and cluster individual time series into groups with distinct characteristics. Applying CyHMMs to two real-world health-tracking datasets -- of menstrual cycle symptoms and physical activity tracking data -- yields important insights including which symptoms to expect at each point during the cycle. We also find that people fall into several groups with distinct cycle patterns, and that these groups differ along dimensions not provided to the model. For example, by modeling missing data in the menstrual cycles dataset, we are able to discover a medically relevant group of birth control users even though information on birth control is not given to the model.
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
mircosoft-partner

هل ترغب بارسال اشعارات عن اخر التحديثات في شمرا-اكاديميا