ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
The daily cycle of heating and cooling of the near-surface ocean may be quite different in a shallow lagoon with a few meters deep seafloor that can be heated directly by the sun. If important, the solar radiation will affect the local benthic communities. To study the physical processes associated with the daily cycle of south-Pacific lagoon Bora Bora, a vertical string of five high-resolution temperature sensors was moored at a 2-m deep site for 3 weeks. Besides the standard ocean warming (approximately during daytime) and cooling (approximately nighttime), the sensors show relatively highest temperature near the lagoon-floor during the warming phase and a weakly stable stratification towards the end of the cooling phase. During the warming phase, highly variable stratification is observed extending into the water column under calm weather and turbid waters, otherwise not. Under trade wind and clear waters, the lowest sensor(s) show(s) consistently higher temperature variability than sensors higher-up with spectral slopes indicative of shear- and/or convective turbulence. During the cooling phase, the lower sensor shows consistently very low variance (non-turbulent), while other sensors show a spectral slope around the buoyancy frequency evidencing weakly stratified waters supporting internal waves. These observations contrast with open-ocean near-surface observations of stable stratification during the warming phase and of turbulent free convection during the cooling phase. Thus, lagoons seem to more resemble the atmosphere than the ocean in daytime thermodynamics and possibly act as a natural solar pond with bottom conductive heating (when salinity compensates for unstable temperature variations).
Knowledge about the characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer are vital for the redistribution of air and suspended contents that are particularly driven by turbulent motions. Despite many modelling studies, detailed observations are still de
Ocean swell plays an important role in the transport of energy across the ocean, yet its evolution is still not well understood. In the late 1960s, the nonlinear Schr{o}dinger (NLS) equation was derived as a model for the propagation of ocean swell o
Stochastic parametrisations are used in weather and climate models to improve the representation of unpredictable unresolved processes. When compared to a deterministic model, a stochastic model represents `model uncertainty, i.e., sources of error i
We construct a network from climate records of atmospheric temperature at surface level, at different geographical sites in the globe, using reanalysis data from years 1948-2010. We find that the network correlates with the North Atlantic Oscillation
Sea surface height anomalies observed by satellites in 1993--2012 are combined with simulation and observations by surface drifters and Argo floats to study water flow pattern in the Near Strait (NS) connected the Pacific Ocean with the Bering Sea. D