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In October 2014, the US Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) reclassified hydrocodone from Schedule III to Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act, resulting in a prohibition on refills in the initial prescription. While this schedule change was associated with overall decreases in the rate of filled hydrocodone prescriptions and opioid dispensing, available studies conflict regarding its impact on acute opioid prescribing among surgical patients. Here, we present the rationale and design of a planned study to measure the effect of hydrocodone rescheduling using a difference-in-differences design that leverages anticipated variation in the relative impact of this policy on patients treated by surgeons that more or less frequently prescribed hydrocodone products versus other opioids prior to the schedule change. Additionally, we present findings from preliminary study conducted on a subset of our full planned sample to assess for potential differences in outcome trends over the 3 years prior to rescheduling among patients treated by surgeons who commonly prescribed hydrocodone versus those treated by surgeons who rarely prescribed hydrocodone.
Observational studies are valuable for estimating the effects of various medical interventions, but are notoriously difficult to evaluate because the methods used in observational studies require many untestable assumptions. This lack of verifiabilit
Following the emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its spread outside of China, Europe has experienced large epidemics. In response, many European countries have implemented unprecedented non-pharmaceutical interventions including case i
We present technical, instrumental, and software upgrades completed and planned at astronomical observatory called Osservatorio Astronomico Regionale Parco Antola, Fascia (OARPAF), hosting an 80cm, alt-az Cassegrain-Nasmyth telescope. The observatory
American football is the most popular high school sport and is among the leading cause of injury among adolescents. While there has been considerable recent attention on the link between football and cognitive decline, there is also evidence of highe
More than 1 million students play high school American football annually, but many health professionals have recently questioned its safety or called for its ban. These concerns have been partially driven by reports of chronic traumatic encephalopath