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تسجيل مستخدم جديدSpin frequency evolution and pulse profile variations of the recently re-activated radio magnetar XTE J1810-197
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After spending almost a decade in a radio-quiet state, the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar XTE J1810-197 turned back on in early December 2018. We have observed this radio magnetar at 1.5 GHz with ~daily cadence since the first detection of radio re-activation on 8 December 2018. In this paper, we report on the current timing properties of XTE J1810-197 and find that the magnitude of the spin frequency derivative has increased by a factor of 2.6 over our 48-day data set. We compare our results with the spin-down evolution reported during its previous active phase in the radio band. We also present total intensity pulse profiles at five different observing frequencies between 1.5 and 8.4 GHz, collected with the Lovell and the Effelsberg telescopes. The profile evolution in our data set is less erratic than what was reported during the previous active phase, and can be seen varying smoothly between observations. Profiles observed immediately after the outburst show the presence of at least five cycles of a very stable ~50-ms periodicity in the main pulse component that lasts for at least tens of days. This remarkable structure is seen across the full range of observing frequencies.
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We present the earliest X-ray observations of the 2018 outburst of XTE J1810-197, the first outburst since its 2003 discovery as the prototypical transient and radio-emitting anomalous X-ray pulsar (AXP). The Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) det
ected XTE J1810-197 immediately after a November 20-26 visibility gap, contemporaneous with its reactivation as a radio pulsar, first observed on December 8. On December 13 the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NUSTAR) detected X-ray emission up to at least 30 keV, with a spectrum well-characterized by a blackbody plus power-law model with temperature kT = 0.74+/-0.02 keV and photon index Gamma = 4.4+/-0.2 or by a two-blackbody model with kT = 0.59+/-0.04 keV and kT = 1.0+/-0.1 keV, both including an additional power-law component to account for emission above 10 keV, with Gamma_h = -0.2+/-1.5 and Gamma_h = 1.5+/-0.5, respectively. The latter index is consistent with hard X-ray flux reported for the non-transient magnetars. In the 2-10 keV bandpass, the absorbed flux is 2E-10 erg/s/cm^2, a factor of 2 greater than the maximum flux extrapolated for the 2003 outburst. The peak of the sinusoidal X-ray pulse lags the radio pulse by approx. 0.13 cycles, consistent with their phase relationship during the 2003 outburst. This suggests a stable geometry in which radio emission originates on magnetic field lines containing currents that heat a spot on the neutron star surface. However, a measured energy-dependent phase shift of the pulsed X-rays suggests that all X-ray emitting regions are not precisely co-aligned.
The anomalous X-ray pulsar XTE J1810$-$197 was the first magnetar found to emit pulsed radio emission. After spending almost a decade in a quiescent, radio-silent state, the magnetar was reported to have undergone a radio outburst in December, 2018.
We observed radio pulsations from XTE J1810$-$197 during this early phase of its radio revival using the Ultra-Wideband Low receiver system of the Parkes radio telescope, obtaining wideband (704 MHz to 4032 MHz) polarization pulse profiles, single pulses and flux density measurements. Dramatic changes in polarization and rapid variations of the position angle of linear polarization across the main pulse and in time have been observed. The pulse profile exhibits similar structures throughout our three observations (over a week time scale), displaying a small amount of profile evolution in terms of polarization and pulse width across the wideband. We measured a flat radio spectrum across the band with a positive spectral index, in addition to small levels of flux and spectral index variability across our observing span. The observed wideband polarization properties are significantly different compared to those taken after the 2003 outburst, and therefore provide new information about the origin of radio emission.
We have used the Parkes radio telescope to study the polarized emission from the anomalous X-ray pulsar XTE J1810-197 at frequencies of 1.4, 3.2, and 8.4 GHz. We find that the pulsed emission is nearly 100% linearly polarized. The position angle of l
inear polarization varies gently across the observed pulse profiles, varying little with observing frequency or time, even as the pulse profiles have changed dramatically over a period of 7 months. In the context of the standard pulsar rotating vector model, there are two possible interpretations of the observed position angle swing coupled with the wide profile. In the first, the magnetic and rotation axes are substantially misaligned and the emission originates high in the magnetosphere, as seen for other young radio pulsars, and the beaming fraction is large. In the second interpretation, the magnetic and rotation axes are nearly aligned and the line of sight remains in the emission zone over almost the entire pulse phase. We deprecate this possibility because of the observed large modulation of thermal X-ray flux. We have also measured the Faraday rotation caused by the Galactic magnetic field, RM = +77 rad/m^2, implying an average magnetic field component along the line of sight of 0.5 microG.
We report on timing, flux density, and polarimetric observations of the transient magnetar and 5.54 s radio pulsar XTE J1810-197 using the GBT, Nancay, and Parkes radio telescopes beginning in early 2006, until its sudden disappearance as a radio sou
rce in late 2008. Repeated observations through 2016 have not detected radio pulsations again. The torque on the neutron star, as inferred from its rotation frequency derivative f-dot, decreased in an unsteady manner by a factor of 3 in the first year of radio monitoring. In contrast, during its final year as a detectable radio source, the torque decreased steadily by only 9%. The period-averaged flux density, after decreasing by a factor of 20 during the first 10 months of radio monitoring, remained steady in the next 22 months, at an average of 0.7+/-0.3 mJy at 1.4 GHz, while still showing day-to-day fluctuations by factors of a few. There is evidence that during this last phase of radio activity the magnetar had a steep radio spectrum, in contrast to earlier behavior. There was no secular decrease that presaged its radio demise. During this time the pulse profile continued to display large variations, and polarimetry indicates that the magnetic geometry remained consistent with that of earlier times. We supplement these results with X-ray timing of the pulsar from its outburst in 2003 up to 2014. For the first 4 years, XTE J1810-197 experienced non-monotonic excursions in f-dot by at least a factor of 8. But since 2007, its f-dot has remained relatively stable near its minimum observed value. The only apparent event in the X-ray record that is possibly contemporaneous with the radio shut-down is a decrease of ~20% in the hot-spot flux in 2008-2009, to a stable, minimum value. However, the permanence of the high-amplitude, thermal X-ray pulse, even after the radio demise, implies continuing magnetar activity.
In 2003, the magnetar XTE J1810-197 started an outburst that lasted until early 2007. In the following 11 years, the source stayed in a quiescent/low activity phase. XTE J1810-197 is one of the closest magnetars, hence its X-ray properties can be stu
died in detail even in quiescence and an extended monitoring has been carried out to study its long term timing and spectral evolution. Here, we report the results of new X-ray observations, taken between September 2017 and April 2018, with XMM-Newton, Chandra and Nicer. We derived a phase-connected timing solution yielding a frequency derivative of -9.26(6)x10^-14 Hz s-1. This value is consistent with that measured between 2009 and 2011, indicating that the pulsar spin-down rate remained quite stable during the long quiescent period. A spectral analysis of all the X-ray observations taken between 2009 and 2018 does not reveal significant spectral and/or flux variability. The spectrum of XTE J1810-197 can be described by the sum of two thermal components with temperatures of 0.15 and 0.3 keV, plus a power law component with photon index 0.6. We also found evidence for an absorption line at ~1.2 keV and width of 0.1 keV. Thanks to the long exposure time of the summed XMM-Newton observations, we could also carry out a phase-resolved spectral analysis for this source in quiescence. This showed that the flux modulation can be mainly ascribed to the the warmer of the two thermal components, whose flux varies by ~45 per cent along the pulse phase.
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