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When a strong laser pulse induces the ionization of an atom, momentum conservation dictates that the absorbed photons transfer their momentum $p_{gamma}=E_{gamma}/c$ to the electron and its parent ion. Even after 30 years of studying strong-field ionization, the sharing of the photon momentum between the two particles and its underlying mechanism are still under debate in theory. Corresponding experiments are very challenging due to the extremely small photon momentum ($~10^{-4}$ a.u.) and their precision has been too limited, so far, to ultimately resolve the debate. Here, by utilizing a novel experimental approach of two counter-propagating laser pulses, we present a detailed study on the effects of the photon momentum in strong-field ionization. The high precision and self-referencing of the method allows to unambiguously demonstrate the action of the lights magnetic field on the electron while it is under the tunnel barrier, confirming theoretical predictions, disproving others. Our results deepen the understanding of, for example, molecular imaging and time-resolved photoelectron holography.
A new pathway of strong laser field induced ionization of an atom is identified which is based on recollisions under the tunneling barrier. With an amended strong field approximation, the interference of the direct and the under-the-barrier recollidi
Interaction of a strong laser pulse with matter transfers not only energy but also linear momentum of the photons. Recent experimental advances have made it possible to detect the small amount of linear momentum delivered to the photoelectrons in str
Molecules show a much increased multiple ionization rate in a strong laser field as compared to atoms of similar ionization energy. A widely accepted model attributes this to the action of the joint fields of the adjacent ionic core and the laser on
We study ionization of atoms in strong two-dimensional (2D) laser fields with various forms, numerically and analytically. We focus on the local most-probable tunneling routes (some specific electron trajectories) which are corresponding to the local
Strong-field ionization of atoms by circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses produces a donut-shaped electron momentum distribution. Within the dipole approximation this distribution is symmetric with respect to the polarization plane. The magne