Magnetic states of Ni-Mn-Sn based shape memory alloy: a combined muon spin relaxation and neutron diffraction study

The fascinating multiple magnetic states observed in the Ni-Mn-Sn based metamagnetic shape memory alloy are addressed through a combined muon spin relaxation (muSR) and neutron powder diffraction studies. The material used in the present investigation is an off-stoichiometric alloy of nominal composition, Ni[2.04]Mn[1.4]Sn[0.56]. This prototypical alloy, similar to other members in the Ni-Mn-Sn series, orders ferromagnetically below T[CA] (= 320 K), and undergoes martensitic type structural transition at T[MS] (= 290 K), which is associated with the sudden loss of magnetization. The sample regains its magnetization below another magnetic transition at T[CM] = 260 K. Eventually, the composition shows a step-like anomaly at T[B] = 120 K, which is found to coincide with the blocking temperature of exchange bias effect observed in the alloy. In our study, the initial asymmetry A_[10] ) of the $mu$SR data falls rapidly below T[CA], indicating the onset of bulk magnetic order. A[10] regains its full asymmetry value below T[MS] suggesting the collapse of the ferromagnetic order into a fully disordered paramagnetic state. Below the second magnetic transition at T[CM], asymmetry drops again, confirming the re-entrance of a long range ordered state. Interestingly, A[10] increases sluggishly below T[B], indicating that the system attains a disordered/glassy magnetic phase below T[B], which is responsible for the exchange bias and frequency dispersion in the ac susceptibility data as previously reported. The neutron powder diffraction data do not show any magnetic superlattice reflections, ruling out the possibility of a long range antiferromagnetic state at low temperatures. The ground state is likely to be comprised of a concentrated metallic spin-glass in the backdrop of an ordered ferromagnetic state.