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Ralf Schutzhold
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This reply contains a brief response to the comment by R. Howl, D. Ratzel, and I. Fuentes [arXiv:1811.10306]
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Partly motivated by recent proposals for the detection of gravitational waves, we study their interaction with Bose-Einstein condensates. For homogeneous condensates at rest, the gravitational wave does not directly create phonons (to lowest order),
but merely affects existing phonons or indirectly creates phonon pairs via quantum squeezing -- an effect which has already been considered in the literature. For inhomogeneous condensate flows such as a vortex lattice, however, the impact of the gravitational wave can directly create phonons. This more direct interaction can be more efficient and could perhaps help bringing such a detection mechanism for gravitational waves a step closer towards experimental realizability -- even though it is still a long way to go. Finally, we argue that super-fluid Helium might offer some advantages in this respect.
We stand by our findings in Phys. Rev A. 96, 022126 (2017). In addition to refuting the invalid objections raised by Peleg and Vaidman, we report a retrocausation problem inherent in Vaidmans definition of the past of a quantum particle.
While much of the technical analysis in the preceding Comment [1] is correct, in the end it confirms the conclusion reached in my previous work [2]: a consistent histories analysis provides no support for the claim of counterfactual quantum communication put forward in [3]
In this short note we reply to a comment by Callegaro et al. [1] (arXiv:2009.11709) that points out some weakness of the model of indeterministic physics that we proposed in Ref. [2] (Physical Review A, 100(6), p.062107), based on what we named finit
e information quantities (FIQs). While we acknowledge the merit of their criticism, we maintain that it applies only to a concrete example that we discussed in [2], whereas the main concept of FIQ remains valid and suitable for describing indeterministic physical models. We hint at a more sophisticated way to define FIQs which, taking inspiration from intuitionistic mathematics, would allow to overcome the criticisms in [1].
The quantum nature of the electromagnetic field imposes a fundamental limit on the sensitivity of optical precision measurements such as spectroscopy, microscopy, and interferometry. The so-called quantum limit is set by the zero-point fluctuations o
f the electromagnetic field, which constrain the precision with which optical signals can be measured. In the world of precision measurement, laser-interferometric gravitational wave (GW) detectors are the most sensitive position meters ever operated, capable of measuring distance changes on the order of 10^-18 m RMS over kilometer separations caused by GWs from astronomical sources. The sensitivity of currently operational and future GW detectors is limited by quantum optical noise. Here we demonstrate a 44% improvement in displacement sensitivity of a prototype GW detector with suspended quasi-free mirrors at frequencies where the sensitivity is shot-noise-limited, by injection of a squeezed state of light. This demonstration is a critical step toward implementation of squeezing-enhancement in large-scale GW detectors.
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