اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدCLOUDY view of the warm corona
41
0
0.0
(
0
)
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Bright active galaxies show a range of properties but many of these properties are correlated which has led to the concept of the Quasar Main Sequence. We test whether our current understanding of the quasar structure allows to reproduce the pattern observed in the optical plane formed by the kinematic line width of H$beta$ and the relative importance of the Fe II optical emission. We performed simulations of the H$beta$ and Fe II production using the code CLOUDY and well justified assumptions about the broad band spectra, distance of the emission line region, and the cloud properties. We show that the presence of the warm corona is an important element of the broad band spectrum which decreases the dependence of the relative Fe II emissivity on the Eddington ratio, and allows to reproduce the rare cases of the particularly strong Fe II emitters. Results are sensitive to the adopted cloud distance, and strong Fe II emission can be obtain either by adopting strongly super-solar metallicity, or much shorter distance than traditionally obtained from reverberation mapping. We modeled in a similar way the UV plane defined by the Mg II line and Fe II UV pseudo-continuum, but here our approach is less successful, in general overproducing the Fe II strength. We found that the Fe II optical and UV emissivity depend in a different way on the turbulent velocity and metallicity, and the best extension of the model in order to cover both planes is to allow very large turbulent velocities in the Broad Line Region clouds.
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
Warm coronae, thick ($tau_{mathrm{T}}approx 10$-$20$, where $tau_{mathrm{T}}$ is the Thomson depth) Comptonizing regions with temperatures of $sim 1$ keV, are proposed to exist at the surfaces of accretion discs in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). By c
ombining with the reflection spectrum, warm coronae may be responsible for producing the smooth soft excess seen in AGN X-ray spectra. This paper studies how a warm corona must adjust in order to sustain the soft excess through large changes in the AGN flux. Spectra from one-dimensional constant density and hydrostatic warm coronae models are calculated assuming the illuminating hard X-ray power-law, gas density, Thomson depth and coronal heating strength vary in response to changes in the accretion rate. We identify models that produce warm coronae with temperatures between $0.3$ and $1.1$ keV, and measure the photon indices and emitted fluxes in the $0.5$-$2$ keV and $2$-$10$ keV bands. Correlations and anti-correlations between these quantities depend on the evolution and structure of the warm corona. Tracing the path that an AGN follows through these correlations will constrain how warm coronae are heated and connected to the accretion disc. Variations in the density structure and coronal heating strength of warm coronae will lead to a variety of soft excess strengths and shapes in AGNs. A larger accretion rate will, on average, lead to a warm corona that produces a stronger soft excess, consistent with observations of local Seyfert galaxies.
The Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect was first predicted nearly five decades ago, but has only recently become a mature tool for performing high resolution studies of the warm and hot ionized gas in and between galaxies, groups, and clusters. Galaxy gro
ups and clusters are powerful probes of cosmology, and they also serve as hosts for roughly half of the galaxies in the Universe. In this white paper, we outline the advances in our understanding of thermodynamic and kinematic properties of the warm-hot universe that can come in the next decade through spatially and spectrally resolved measurements of the SZ effects. Many of these advances will be enabled through new/upcoming millimeter/submillimeter (mm/submm) instrumentation on existing facilities, but truly transformative advances will require construction of new facilities with larger fields of view and broad spectral coverage of the mm/submm bands.
The mixed morphology class of supernova remnants has centrally peaked X-ray emission along with a shell-like morphology in radio emission. White & Long proposed that these remnants are evolving in a cloudy medium wherein the clouds are evaporated via
thermal conduction once being overrun by the expanding shock. Their analytical model made detailed predictions regarding temperature, density and emission profiles as well as shock evolution. We present numerical hydrodynamical models in 2D and 3D including thermal conduction, testing the White & Long model and presenting results for the evolution and emission from remnants evolving in a cloudy medium. We find that, while certain general results of the White & Long model hold, such as the way the remnants expand and the flattening of the X-ray surface brightness distribution, in detail there are substantial differences. In particular we find that the X-ray luminosity is dominated by emission from shocked cloud gas early on, leading to a bright peak which then declines and flattens as evaporation becomes more important. In addition, the effects of thermal conduction on the intercloud gas, which is not included in the White & Long model, are important and lead to further flattening of the X-ray brightness profile as well as lower X-ray emission temperatures.
We present the analysis of the first NuSTAR observations ($sim 220$ ks), simultaneous with the last SUZAKU observations ($sim 50$ ks), of the active galactic nucleus of the bright Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509. The time-averaged spectrum in the $1-79$ keV
X-ray band is dominated by a power-law continuum ($Gammasim 1.8-1.9$), a strong soft excess around 1 keV, and signatures of X-ray reflection in the form of Fe K emission ($sim 6.4$ keV), an Fe K absorption edge ($sim 7.1$ keV), and a Compton hump due to electron scattering ($sim 20-30$ keV). We show that these data can be described by two very different prescriptions for the soft excess: a warm ($kTsim 0.5-1$ keV) and optically thick ($tausim10-20$) Comptonizing corona, or a relativistically blurred ionized reflection spectrum from the inner regions of the accretion disk. While these two scenarios cannot be distinguished based on their fit statistics, we argue that the parameters required by the warm corona model are physically incompatible with the conditions of standard coronae. Detailed photoionization calculations show that even in the most favorable conditions, the warm corona should produce strong absorption in the observed spectrum. On the other hand, while the relativistic reflection model provides a satisfactory description of the data, it also requires extreme parameters, such as maximum black hole spin, a very low and compact hot corona, and a very high density for the inner accretion disk. Deeper observations of this source are thus necessary to confirm the presence of relativistic reflection, and to further understand the nature of its soft excess.
We present the results from a joint Suzaku/NuSTAR broad-band spectral analysis of 3C 390.3. The high quality data enables us to clearly separate the primary continuum from the reprocessed components allowing us to detect a high energy spectral cut-of
f ($E_text{cut}=117_{-14}^{+18}$ keV), and to place constraints on the Comptonization parameters of the primary continuum for the first time. The hard over soft compactness is 69$_{-24}^{+124}$ and the optical depth 4.1$_{-3.6}^{+0.5}$, this leads to an electron temperature of $30_{-8}^{+32}$ keV. Expanding our study of the Comptonization spectrum to the optical/UV by studying the simultaneous Swift-UVOT data, we find indications that the compactness of the corona allows only a small fraction of the total UV/optical flux to be Comptonized. Our analysis of the reprocessed emission show that 3C 390.3 only has a small amount of reflection (R~0.3), and of that the vast majority is from distant neutral matter. However we also discover a soft X-ray excess in the source, which can be described by a weak ionized reflection component from the inner parts of the accretion disk. In addition to the backscattered emission, we also detect the highly ionized iron emission lines Fe XXV and Fe XXVI.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
