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The second data release of ESAs Gaia satellite (Gaia DR2) revolutionised astronomy by providing accurate distances, proper motions, apparent magnitudes, and in many cases temperatures and radial velocities for an unprecedented number of stars. These new results, which are freely available, need to be considered in virtually any stellar research project, as they provide crucial information on luminosity, position, motion, orbit, and colours of observed targets. Ground-based spectroscopic surveys, like RAVE, Gaia-ESO, Apogee, LAMOST, and GALAH, are adding more measurements of radial velocities and, most importantly, chemistry of stellar atmospheres, including abundances of individual elements. We briefly describe the new information trove, together with some warnings against blind-folded use. Even though it may seem that Gaia is already providing any information that could be collected by small telescopes, the opposite is true. In particular, we discuss a possible reach of a ground-based photometric survey using a custom filter set. We demonstrate that it can provide valuable information on chemistry of observed stars, which is not provided by Gaia or other sky surveys. A survey conducted with a small telescope has the potential to measure both the metallicity and alpha enhancement at a ~0.1 dex level for a large fraction of Gaia targets, a valuable goal for galactic archaeology.
We explore the feasibility of using current generation, off-the-shelf, indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) near-infrared (NIR) detectors for astronomical observations. Light-weight InGaAs cameras, developed for the night vision industry and operated at
In this white paper (WP), we highlight several examples of small and moderate aperture telescopes that are being used for education and/or research. We further discuss potential costs for establishing new, small observatories, as well as joining exis
The Simons Observatory (SO) is an upcoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment located on Cerro Toco, Chile, that will map the microwave sky in temperature and polarization in six frequency bands spanning 27 to 285 GHz. SO will consist of on
The number of small satellites has grown dramatically in the past decade from tens of satellites per year in the mid-2010s to a projection of tens of thousands in orbit by the mid-2020s. This presents both problems and opportunities for observational
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has revealed the existence of sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. However, identification of the sources is challenging because astrophysical neutrinos are difficult to separate from the background of atmo