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This chapter reviews some of the expected contributions of the ngVLA to the understanding of the late evolutionary stages of low-to-intermediate mass stars, including asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, post-AGB stars, and pre-planetary nebulae. Such objects represent the ultimate fate of stars like the Sun, and the stellar matter they lose to their immediate vicinity contributes significantly to the chemical enrichment of galaxies. Topics addressed in this chapter include continuum imaging of radio photospheres, studies of circumstellar envelopes in both thermal and nonthermal lines, and the investigation of the transition stages from the AGB to planetary nebulae using radio wavelength diagnostics. The authors gratefully acknowledge contributions to the content of this chapter from members of the evolved star community.
Energy stored in the magnetic field in the solar atmosphere above active regions is a key driver of all solar activity (e.g., solar flares and coronal mass ejections), some of which can affect life on Earth. Radio observations provide a unique diagno
The science case and associated science requirements for a next-generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) are described, highlighting the five key science goals developed out of a community-driven vision of the highest scientific priorities in the next dec
The next-generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) is an astronomical observatory planned to operate at centimeter wavelengths (25 to 0.26 centimeters, corresponding to a frequency range extending from 1.2 to 116 GHz). The observatory will be a synthesis r
Observations with modern radio telescopes have revealed that classical novae are far from the simple, spherically symmetric events they were once assumed to be. It is now understood that novae provide excellent laboratories to study several astrophys
Solar flares are due to the catastrophic release of magnetic energy in the Suns corona, resulting in plasma heating, mass motions, particle acceleration, and radiation emitted from radio to $gamma$-ray wavelengths. They are associated with global cor